Ihe na-akpata ọkụ ọkụ LED
Dị ka ọ dị na isi mmalite ọkụ, semiconductor emitting diodes (LEDs) na-ebutekwa okpomọkụ n'oge arụ ọrụ, dabere na arụmọrụ ọkụ zuru oke. N'okpuru omume nke etinyere ike eletriki, radieshon nke electrons na oghere recombines na-emepụta electroluminescence, na ìhè radided nso PN junction kwesịrị ịgafe semiconductor ọkara na nkwakọ nke mgbawa n'onwe ya iru n'èzí (ikuku). Comprehensive ugbu a injection arụmọrụ, radieshon luminescence quantum arụmọrụ, mgbawa mpụga ìhè mmịpụta arụmọrụ, wdg, ikpeazụ naanị 30-40% nke ntinye ike n'ime ìhè ike, na nke fọdụrụ 60-70% nke ike ya na-emekarị na-eme na a na-abụghị. ụdị mgbagwoju anya radieshon nke ntụpọ-matrix ngbanwe okpomọkụ.
Mmụba nke mgbawa okpomọkụ ga-eme ka ihe mgbagwoju anya na-abụghị nke radieshon dịkwuo elu, na-eme ka ọkụ na-esiwanye ike. N'ihi na ndị mmadụ na-eche n'onwe ha na ọkụ ọkụ dị elu enweghị okpomọkụ, n'ezie, ha na-eme ya. Ọtụtụ okpomọkụ na-ebute ngwa ngwa ọtụtụ nsogbu n'oge eji. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ọtụtụ ndị na-eji ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ dị elu maka oge mbụ ma ghara ịghọta otú e si edozi nsogbu okpomọkụ nke ọma, na-eme ka ntụkwasị obi mmepụta ghọọ isi nsogbu. Yabụ ebe a bụ ajụjụ ụfọdụ ka anyị chee echiche: Ndị LED nwere ọkụ ọ bụla ewepụtara? Kedu okpomọkụ ọ nwere ike ime? Ego ole ka ọkụ ọkụ na-emepụta?
N'okpuru voltaji na-aga n'ihu nke LED, ndị electrons na-enweta ike site na ọkụ ọkụ. N'okpuru ịkwọ ụgbọala nke ọkụ eletrik, a na-emeri ọkụ eletrik nke njikọ PN, na ntụgharị site na mpaghara N na mpaghara P na-eme. Eletrọn ndị a na-ejikọta na oghere dị na mpaghara P. Ebe ọ bụ na electrons efu na-abanye n'ime mpaghara P nwere ike dị elu karịa valence electrons na mpaghara P, electrons na-alaghachi n'ọnọdụ ike dị ala n'oge nhazigharị, na oke ike na-ewepụta n'ụdị photons. Ogologo ebili mmiri nke foton a na-ewepụta metụtara ike dị iche dịka. Enwere ike ịhụ na ebe a na-enye ọkụ dị nso na nkwụsị PN, na ọkụ ọkụ na-esi na ya pụta site na nchikota nke electrons na oghere. Na diode semiconductor, electrons ga-ezute nguzogide n'oge njem dum site na mpaghara semiconductor ruo mpaghara semiconductor. Naanị site na ụkpụrụ, usoro anụ ahụ nke semiconductor diode bụ naanị site na ụkpụrụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke electrons na-esi na electrode na-adịghị mma na electrons laghachiri na electrode dị mma nke semiconductor diode hà nhata. Diode nkịtị, mgbe ọnụọgụ elektrọn-oghere na-eme nchikota, n'ihi ihe na-akpata ọdịiche dị n'ogo ike Dịka ọmụmaatụ, foton ụdịdị dị iche iche ewepụtara adịghị na nso a na-ahụ anya.
Na ụzọ n'ime diode, electrons na-eri ike n'ihi ọnụnọ nke nguzogide. Ike e riri kwekọrọ n'iwu ndị bụ isi nke ngwa eletrọnịkị:
P = I2 R = I2 (RN + + RP) + IVTH
Ihe edeturu: RN bụ nguzogide ahụ nke mpaghara N
VTH bụ voltaji na-atụgharị nke njikọ PN
RP bụ nnukwu nguzogide nke mpaghara P
Okpomọkụ nke ike a na-eri bụ:
Q = Pt
Ebee: t bụ oge diode na-enye ike.
N'ezie, LED ka bụ diode semiconductor. Ya mere, mgbe LED na-arụ ọrụ na ntụgharị ihu, usoro ọrụ ya kwekọrọ na nkọwa ahụ dị n'elu. Ike eletrik ọ na-eri bụ:
P LED = U LED × I LED
Ebe: U LED bụ voltaji na-aga n'ihu gafee isi iyi ọkụ LED
I LED bụ ugbu a na-eru na LED
A na-agbanwe ike ọkụ eletrik a na-eri ka ọ bụrụ okpomọkụ wee wepụta ya:
Q＝P LED × t
Ihe edeturu: t bụ ike na oge
N'ezie, ike ewepụtara mgbe eletrọn na-ejikọta ya na oghere dị na mpaghara P abụghị kpọmkwem site na ike mpụga, ma n'ihi na eletrọn dị na mpaghara N, mgbe ọ na-enweghị ebe eletrik dị n'èzí, ọkwa ike ya dị elu. karịa nke mpaghara P. Ọkwa electron Valence dị elu karịa Eg. Mgbe ọ ruru mpaghara P wee jikọta oghere ka ọ bụrụ valence electrons na mpaghara P, ọ ga-ahapụ ike dị ukwuu. A na-ekpebi nha nha site na ihe ahụ n'onwe ya ma ọ nweghị ihe jikọrọ ya na ọkụ eletrik dị n'èzí. Ọrụ nke ọkụ eletrik dị n'èzí na electron bụ ịkwanye ya ka ọ na-aga n'ihu ma merie ọrụ nke njikọ PN.
Ọnụ ọkụ nke ọkụ ọkụ na-emepụta enweghị ihe jikọrọ ya na ọkụ ọkụ; ọ dịghị mmekọrịta dị n'etiti pasent ole nke ọkụ eletrik na-emepụta ìhè, na pasent ndị fọdụrụ nke ọkụ eletrik na-emepụta okpomọkụ. Site na nghọta nke echiche nke okpomọkụ ọgbọ, thermal resistance na junction okpomọkụ nke elu-ike LEDs na derivation nke theoretical formulas na thermal eguzogide nha, anyị nwere ike na-amụ n'ezie nkwakọ imewe, nwale na ngwaahịa ngwa nke elu-ike LEDs. Ekwesiri ighota na njikwa okpomọkụ bụ isi okwu na ọkwa dị ugbu a nke nrụpụta ọkụ dị ala nke ngwaahịa LED. N'ụzọ bụ isi na-emeziwanye arụmọrụ ọkụ iji belata ọgbọ ike ọkụ bụ ala nke kettle. Nke a chọrọ nrụpụta mgbawa, nkwakọ ngwaahịa LED na mmepe ngwaahịa ngwa. Ọganihu teknụzụ n'akụkụ niile.
