Isesengura ryibisubizo byubwenge kuri stade nini
I. Amateka yumushinga
Ibibuga by'imikino bigezweho bigezweho (aha ni ukuvuga stade y'imikino), bidashobora guhura gusa n'amarushanwa manini manini n'ibitaramo ndangamuco, ariko kandi birashobora no gukora imurikagurisha rinini rinini; inzu ndangamurage igabanyijemo ibibuga bikuru hamwe n’ibibuga rusange, mubisanzwe Byose birimo salle ya badminton, salle ya tennis kumeza, salle ya volley ball, ibibuga bya tennis, ibibuga bya basketball nibindi bibuga.
Amatara nimwe mubintu byingenzi byimikorere ya stade. Icyibandwaho kumurika stade ni kumurika ikibuga cyimikino, aricyo kumurika amarushanwa. Icya kabiri, itara rusange, itara rya auditorium, itara ryihutirwa, itara ryikibanza, amatara yimbere hamwe ninzira. Sisitemu yo kumurika nigice cyingenzi cyo kumurika stade; uburyo bwo guhuza amatara yerekana ibibuga bitandukanye byamarushanwa, kuvura hamwe ibice byose bya sisitemu yo kumurika, kuburyo ubushyuhe bwamabara, kumurika, kumurika, indangagaciro yo gutanga amabara yageze kubipimo byagenwe; Nuguhitamo amatara nisoko yumucyo. Biterwa kandi no guhitamo sisitemu yo kugenzura nuburyo bwo gutegura guhuza ibice bitandukanye kugirango ugaragaze neza ibisabwa mumarushanwa atandukanye. Sisitemu yo gucunga neza ubwenge ni stade igezweho. Guhitamo bikenewe.
Icya kabiri, isesengura ryibisabwa
1. Ibiranga stade igezweho
Inzu zigezweho za siporo zigezweho zigabanyijemo ibice bibiri ukurikije aho bakorera, aribyo stade nkuru hamwe nabafasha. Uturere twose twabafasha turashobora kugabanywa muri salle, resitora, utubari, cafe, ibyumba byinama, nibindi byinshi. Ibibuga by'imikino bigezweho bifite ibyangombwa bikurikira bikurikira kugirango urumuri:
1 Abakinnyi n'abasifuzi: bashoboye kubona neza ibikorwa byose bibera kandi bakina imikorere myiza.
2 Indorerezi: Reba umukino mubihe byiza, mugihe ubona neza ibidukikije, cyane cyane mugihe cyo kwinjira, kureba no gusohoka ibibazo byumutekano.
3 TV, firime nabanyamakuru: Umukino, umukinnyi hafi-indorerwamo (hafi-hafi), inzu yimyidagaduro, amanota, nibindi, birashobora gufata ibisubizo byiza.
Kumurika kuri stade nkuru ntibisaba gusa kumurika kumurika kugirango bihamye kandi byizewe, ariko kandi byujuje ibisabwa byerekanwa nabakinnyi mugihe cyamarushanwa, kandi bigomba no kuba byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa kuri tereviziyo yamabara no gufotora kugirango bimurikwe. Mubisanzwe, ibara ryerekana amabara Ra yerekana itara rikuru rigomba kuba hejuru ya 70, ubushyuhe bwamabara bugomba kuba 3000-7000K, naho umucyo ugomba kuba 300-1500 Lux. Mu mikino isanzwe, kumurika imyitozo birashobora kugabanuka munsi ya 750 Lux.
Kumurika kuri stade nkuru muri rusange birashobora gushingira kumatara yicyuma cya halide, kivanze n'amatara ya iyode tungsten n'amatara ya PAR nk'inyongera kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa kugenzura. Bitewe n'imbaraga nyinshi z'itara rya halide (250W-2000W), itangira ryayo irikubye inshuro 1.5 kurenza amashanyarazi asanzwe akora. Igihe cyo gutangira itara ni iminota 4-10, kandi igihe cyo gutangira ni kirekire, nkiminota 10-15. Kora igenzura rikenewe ryo gutangira itara ryicyuma.
Mu kibanza kimwe c'amarushanwa, ibisabwa muburyo bwo kumurika ibibuga biratandukanye ukurikije amarushanwa atandukanye ya siporo. Nubwo amarushanwa amwe yaba mubihe bitandukanye, nko kwitegura umukino, gutangira amarushanwa kumugaragaro, ahasigaye hose, inzu yimyidagaduro, nibindi, ibisabwa kugirango amatara ahabera ntabwo arimwe, kubwibyo, igenzura ryumucyo wikibuga gikenera guhuza nuburyo butandukanye bwo gucana, kandi biragoye kugera kubisabwa bitandukanye byo kugenzura hamwe nibikoresho rusange bigenzura.
Ingaruka zo kumurika ningirakamaro cyane mubice aho imirimo itandukanye yakarere kabafasha itandukanye kandi ingaruka zo kumurika zigira uruhare runini mubidukikije muri rusange. Inkomoko zitandukanye zumucyo zikoreshwa mubisanzwe, nuburyo bukungahaye mubice. Binyuze mu gucana no kwerekana ibikorwa, ingaruka zinyuranye zo kumurika zashyizweho kugirango zihindure urumuri rutandukanye, biha abantu uburyohe kandi bwiza bwo kubona neza.
2, isesengura ryibikorwa bikora
Ibibuga by'imikino mubisanzwe bifite ibiranga imirongo myinshi yamurika, imbaraga nyinshi, n'amatara yatatanye. Amashusho atandukanye arakenewe kugirango yuzuze ibisabwa mubikorwa bitandukanye.
Umucyo gakondo wumucyo uhujwe kuva kumashanyarazi kugirango uhindure luminaire. Kubera ko kuri stade hari imirongo myinshi, hariho insinga nyinshi zicyumba cyo kugenzura, bityo ikiraro kikaba kinini kandi kinini, kandi gitwara insinga nikiraro kinini.
Ibisohoka relay yubwenge bwo kugenzura sisitemu yashyizwe mubisanduku byo gukwirakwiza hamwe na break break. Ibisanduku byinshi byo gukwirakwiza bitangwa ahantu hatandukanye mukibuga cya stade. Ubwoko butanu bwahinduwe bukoreshwa muguhuza udusanduku twinshi. Ubwoko butanu bwibice bibiri byahujwe bihujwe kumwanya wo kugenzura hanyuma bigahuzwa nicyumba cyo kugenzura. Mucyumba cyo kugenzura, panele irashobora gukoreshwa mugucunga amatara ya stade yose. Muri ubu buryo, umubare munini winsinga nikiraro urashobora gukizwa.
Muburyo gakondo, niba ibikorwa bigoye nkibintu byinshi hamwe no kugenzura uturere byagaragaye, umuzenguruko uragoye cyane; mugihe sisitemu yo gucana ubwenge ifite ubwenge imenya imikorere yo kugenzura ingingo nyinshi no kugenzura uturere, umuzenguruko uzaba woroshye cyane.
Icya gatatu, kugenzura amatara yubwenge
1. Kugenzura ibibera: Mu gace rusange, kugenzura agace k'urumuri bikorwa ukurikije ibibanza byateganijwe hifashishijwe akanama gashinzwe kugenzura ibintu, kandi gufungura no gufunga birashobora gusobanurwa, kandi gutinda nabyo birashobora gusobanurwa, urugero, the gutinda byikora bizimya nyuma yumucyo.
2. Kugenzura igihe: Mu bice bimwe na bimwe rusange, hashobora gukurikizwa kugenzura igihe, kandi igihe cyo guhinduranya amatara gishobora gutegurwa ukurikije igihe gisanzwe cyakazi, kugirango amatara ashobora kuzimya no kuzimya buri gihe.
3. Igenzura ryimikorere idahwitse: sensor yimikorere ya infragre ihita igenzura kumurika ahantu rusange (nka koridoro, salo, ingazi, nibindi), kandi imiterere yakazi irashobora guhindurwa na mudasobwa nkuru ikurikirana ukurikije ibikenewe nyabyo.
4, kugenzura kumwanya wibibanza: buri tara ryamatara ntirishobora kugenzurwa gusa mu buryo bwikora (igihe cyangwa mudasobwa), ariko kandi no kugenzura kurubuga kugirango byorohereze leta yikora (igihe cyangwa mudasobwa) guhinduka mumatara yo kugenzura intoki mugihe ibintu bidasanzwe bibaye. Guhindura Imiterere.
5. Kugenzura uburyo bwo guhinduranya ibintu: Binyuze muri software ikurikirana hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera gikoreshwa kuri mudasobwa nkuru yo kugenzura ikorerwa kuri stade, umukoresha wa nyuma ahabwa interineti yoroshye kandi isobanutse, imikorere yoroshye hamwe ninshuti zishushanyije, kuburyo abatari abanyamwuga nabo bashobora kuba ibisanzwe. Koresha kugenzura gufungura no gufunga buri cyangwa buri tara ryamatara.
6. Igenzura ryo guhuza amatsinda: Binyuze mu kigo gikurikirana igenzura, ingingo zose zimurika zirashobora guhuzwa no kugenzurwa mumashusho manini. Mu biruhuko, itara ryinyubako yose rirashobora guhindurwa ningaruka zateganijwe mbere yo gukora amatara yose. Ingaruka zirahinduka.
7. Guhuza nizindi sisitemu: Binyuze mumbere, irashobora guhuzwa nubundi buryo (nko kugenzura inyubako, kurinda umuriro, umutekano, nibindi), kandi sisitemu yose yo kumurika hamwe nubundi buryo bushobora kugenzurwa ukurikije ibikenewe byihariye.
8. Igenzura ryagutse: Ukurikije ibikenewe, imiterere yimikorere ya sisitemu yose yamurika irashobora gukurikiranwa kure ukoresheje interineti cyangwa terefone zigendanwa.
Icya kane, amahame yo gushushanya
1. Gutera imbere no gukurikizwa
Mugihe imikorere ya tekiniki nibipimo byubuziranenge bya sisitemu bigera kurwego rwimbere mu gihugu, iremeza ko kwishyiriraho, gukemura, gutunganya porogaramu no gukoresha sisitemu byoroshye kandi byoroshye gukoresha, kandi bifite ibimenyetso bibereye umushinga. Ubwenge bwa sisitemu yo kugenzura imiyoboro ya tekinoroji ihuza n'ibisabwa mu iterambere ry'ibihe. Mugihe kimwe, sisitemu irashobora gukoreshwa mubyiciro bitandukanye byo kuyobora. Imikorere ya sisitemu yashyizweho kugirango itange abakoresha ibyoroshye, umutekano, byoroshye kandi byihuse, kandi imikorere iroroshye kandi yoroshye kwiga.
2. Ubukungu kandi bufatika
Sisitemu ireba byimazeyo ibyo umukoresha akeneye hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga. Ukurikije urubuga rwumukoresha, shushanya gahunda yimiterere ya sisitemu ikwiranye nurubuga kandi uhuze ibyo umukoresha akeneye. Binyuze mu buryo bukomeye kandi kama, igereranyo cyiza-igiciro gishobora kugerwaho. Ikiza abashoramari gushora imari mugihe basabwa gushyira mubikorwa imikorere ya sisitemu kandi ikagera kubikorwa byubukungu nibikorwa bifatika.
3. Kwizerwa n'umutekano
Yashizweho ukurikije ihame ryintangiriro yo hejuru, ireme ryiza kandi ryizewe, irashobora kwemeza ukuri, kwuzuye no guhuza amakuru nyuma yo kunanirwa kwa sisitemu cyangwa kunanirwa na sisitemu, kandi ifite umurimo wo gukira vuba. Sisitemu ifite ingamba zuzuye zo kuyobora kugirango tumenye neza imikorere ya sisitemu.
4. Gufungura no gushyira mu gaciro
Gufungura, tekinoroji isanzwe ituma guhuza byoroshye guhumeka, guhumeka no gucana kumurongo umwe. Ibi bizagabanya cyane amahugurwa yabakozi nogukoresha ibikoresho, bizamura ingufu, kandi bitange serivisi zongerewe agaciro mukusanya no gusangira umubare munini wibikorwa byigihe-nyabyo hamwe namakuru yo gukoresha imari. Sisitemu ifunguye ikoresha protocole nka TCP / IP na LonWorks, ihuza na sisitemu hafi ya zose ku isoko kandi irashobora kwinjizwa muburyo bumwe bwububiko, bityo injeniyeri zirashobora guhitamo igisubizo ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze. Sisitemu yacu ntabwo igarukira gusa gukoresha tekinoroji yumucuruzi, iguha amahitamo menshi.
5, kwaguka
Igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu hitawe ku majyambere azaza no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga, rifite amahirwe yo kuvugurura, kwagura no kuzamura, kandi ryagura imikorere ya sisitemu ukurikije ibisabwa nyabyo by’umushinga w’ejo hazaza, mu gihe hasigaye ubusumbane mu gishushanyo mbonera cya gahunda kugira ngo uhuze iterambere ryigihe kizaza ryabakoresha. icyifuzo.
6, gukurikirana ibikoresho bya sisitemu nziza
Kugirango twuzuze ibisabwa kubakoresha kubikorwa, ubuziranenge, imikorere, igiciro na serivisi, dukurikirana sisitemu nziza nibikoresho byabugenewe kugirango tugabanye igiciro cya sisitemu.
7, serivisi yo kubungabunga ubuzima bwawe bwose
Twama twizera tudashidikanya ko ishoramari ryose ryabashoramari rigomba kungurana ibitekerezo byigihe kirekire - haba inyungu zifatika zubukungu cyangwa urufatiro rwo gutsinda umwuga. Urebye umwihariko wa buri nyubako, tuzakorana nawe kugirango duhuze igisubizo gifatika kubyo ukeneye guhinduka. Twiyemeje kuguha serivisi zo kubungabunga no kuvugurura dushingiye ku bushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa mu ikoranabuhanga, kugira ngo inyubako ikomeze kuba umusore kandi iguhe ibidukikije byiza kandi bizigama ingufu.
Icya gatanu, ibyiza byo gukoresha itara ryubwenge
1, kugirango ugere kugenzura ubwenge
Sisitemu yo kugenzura amatara yubwenge ikoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, rishobora kumenya ingingo imwe, ingingo ebyiri, ingingo nyinshi, akarere, kugenzura amatsinda, kugena ibihe, guhinduranya igihe, kugenzura igihe nyacyo kurubuga, kandi birashobora no gukoreshwa muri gutera imbere mumarushanwa atandukanye ya siporo. Kumurika uburyo bwo kugenzura, ubuziranenge bwibisabwa byateguwe mbere nuburyo bwo kugenzura amatara.
Kurugero, stade ifite progaramu yateguwe mbere yuburyo butandukanye bwo kumurika, nka basketball, tennis, handball, volleyball, nibindi, bishobora gukinishwa hakiri kare binyuze muri sisitemu yo kugenzura amatara yubwenge, kandi bikabikwa muri buto ya panel kugirango kuyikora mu buryo bwikora; Ukurikije ibisabwa mubice bitandukanye mugihe cyimikino, kanda buto kugirango umenye ibintu bitandukanye bisabwa mugihe cyimikino.
2, bijyanye na gahunda yo kumurika icyatsi
Sisitemu yo kugenzura ubwenge ikoresha uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha ingufu, igabanya amafaranga yo gukora; irinda amatara kandi igabanya kwangirika kw'itara; kugenzura ubwenge: ikoresha byuzuye urumuri rusanzwe rumurika, rugena intera yumuriro wamashanyarazi; igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu ntoya, byoroshye kubice byubukungu
Muri stade, urwego rwo kumurika rwateguwe mbere ukurikije sisitemu, kandi indangagaciro zo kumurika ibipimo byo hejuru, biciriritse na bike byo kumurika byatoranijwe. Uburyo bukwiye bwo kumurika bwakoreshejwe, kandi ibisabwa byo kumurika byemewe ahantu hasabwa cyane. Amatara yo hasi cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kuzigama ingufu.
Kurugero, kugirango amarushanwa atandukanye atambuke imbonankubone na satelite, igipimo cyo kumurika kigomba gukoresha agaciro keza cyane. Ku marushanwa yo guhugura, ibipimo byo kumurika birashobora gukoreshwa kugirango umurikire agaciro. Kubwamahugurwa asanzwe, gusa kumurika agace karafunguwe. Birashobora gutegurwa muri sisitemu yubwenge yo kugenzura kugirango igere kubisubizo byifuzwa.
3, byoroshye gucunga, kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga
Sisitemu yo kugenzura amatara yubwenge ihindura amatara gakondo muburyo bworoshye bwo kuyobora. Ikoresha ikorana buhanga rya elegitoroniki n’amashanyarazi kugirango yerekane urumuri rwose rwa stade kumurika kumurongo wo kugenzura no gukurikirana-igihe; bityo bigafasha kuyobora stade yose. Kuzamuka muburyo bushya bwo kuyobora, bigabanya kandi uburyo bwo gufata neza nigihe cya sisitemu yose, kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga no kuzana inyungu nini kubushoramari.
4, igishushanyo cyoroshye
Igishushanyo mbonera cyumucyo cyumuzunguruko kiragoye cyane, kandi kugenzura no kugenzura bigomba gutekerezwa byuzuye. Sisitemu yo kugenzura amatara yubwenge ikeneye gusa gusuzuma umubare wumuzunguruko, ubushobozi hamwe nu mwanya wo kugenzura. Imirimo itandukanye igoye isabwa irashobora gushyirwaho mubikoresho. Bishyirwa mubikorwa na software nyuma yo kurangiza; niyo wahindura igishushanyo kumunota wanyuma, birashobora gukorwa kuko bigomba guhindurwa gusa.
5, byoroshye gushiraho
Imirongo gakondo igenzura amashanyarazi ni ndende kandi kubaka biragoye. Amashanyarazi ya sisitemu yo kugenzura amatara yubwenge ari hagati yububiko bugenzura no hagati yigikoresho cyo kugenzura nu mutwaro, bityo umubare wumugozi kumurongo wingenzi urashobora kugabanuka, kandi imibare yuzuye irerekana ko ubwenge bwumucyo wa sisitemu yo kugenzura ishobora kubika kugeza 30% mugiciro cyibikoresho ugereranije ninsinga zisanzwe, kandi igihe cyo kwishyiriraho kirashobora kugabanuka cyane. Abakozi bashinzwe ubwubatsi barashobora kumva neza ko kwishyiriraho sisitemu yo kugenzura amatara yubwenge byoroshye, byihuse kandi bihendutse.
6, umutekano wo gukoresha, iterambere rirambye
Ukurikije ibyo umukoresha akeneye nimpinduka mubidukikije byo hanze, birakenewe gusa guhindura igenamiterere rya software aho guhindura insinga kugirango uhindure imiterere yumucyo nimirimo yo kwaguka, kugabanya cyane ibiciro byo guhindura no kugabanya uruzinduko. Umuvuduko wakazi wumurongo wigenzura ni voltage yumutekano DC24V. Nubwo paneli ya switch yatunguranye kubwimpanuka, irashobora kurinda umutekano wawe. Sisitemu irakinguye kandi irashobora guhuzwa nubundi buryo bwo gucunga umutungo (BMS), kubaka sisitemu yo gukoresha (BA), umutekano no kurinda umuriro. Ujyanye niterambere ryinyubako zubwenge.
7, kuzigama ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije
Nyuma yo gukoresha sisitemu yo kugenzura amatara yubwenge ya sisitemu ya bisi, umubare munini winsinga nke zidafite ingufu zidafite ingabo zishobora gukoreshwa kugirango usimbuze umubare munini w’insinga zifite ingufu nyinshi, kugirango imikoreshereze y’ibikoresho bya PVC igabanuke mu gihe cyo kubaka inzira, no guhumanya ibidukikije birashobora kugabanuka.
8, ukoresheje sisitemu yo kumurika ubwenge, nikimenyetso cyingenzi cyibibuga by'imikino bigezweho
Ibikoresho byiza, imikorere yuzuye nubukorikori buhanitse nibyo byerekana urwego rwa siporo igezweho; igishushanyo cyacyo cyo kumurika nigishushanyo mbonera, tekiniki kandi igoye. Niba itara rya stade rishobora kuba ryujuje ubuziranenge bwo kumurika ibisabwa ni kimwe mu bimenyetso nyamukuru byo gusuzuma ikibuga cyimikino cyuzuye; irerekana kandi mu buryo butaziguye urwego rwa tekinoroji igezweho ikoreshwa kuri stade.
Icya gatandatu, ibikoresho byo gutangiza ibikoresho
1, guhitamo amahame yibikoresho
Ibikoresho bitandukanye byubwenge bigenzura byatoranijwe ukurikije ibikorwa bitandukanye. Igenzura module ryashizwe ahanini mubisanduku. Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo kugenzura, module ijyanye nubugenzuzi yatoranijwe kugirango ihuze ibikenewe byo kugenzura no gukoresha byuzuye ibikoresho nibiranga buri gicuruzwa. Guhitamo kugenzura akanama, kugenzura infragre, nibindi ahanini bishingiye kubice bitandukanye bikora, kandi ibikoresho byiza byatoranijwe kugirango bigerweho neza. Urugero:
Inzira yintambwe, ubwiherero, nibindi.: Koresha disiketi ya infragre kugirango uhite ufungura inzira yumucyo ugenzura ukumva umubiri wumuntu, hanyuma uhita ufunga nyuma yo gutinda mugihe runaka. Ibiranga inductive ibidukikije kumurika, gutinda igihe no gufunga imikorere.
Agace gasanzwe gakoreramo: Itara ryaka kariya gace biroroshye. Urebye imikorere yihariye ikoreshwa, akanama gashinzwe kugenzura ubwenge karashobora gukoreshwa muguhuza nibindi bikoresho bya sisitemu, byujuje ibisabwa kugenzura, kandi bikagira ubukungu kandi bwiza.