Impamvu Zitera Ubushyuhe bwa LED
Kimwe nisoko isanzwe yumucyo, semiconductor isohora diode (LEDs) nayo itanga ubushyuhe mugihe ikora, bitewe nubushobozi rusange bwo kumurika. Mubikorwa byingufu zamashanyarazi zikoreshwa, imirasire ya electron nu mwobo irongera ikabyara kugirango itange electroluminescence, kandi urumuri rumurikira hafi y’isangano rya PN rugomba kunyura mu gice cya semiconductor no gupakira ibikoresho bya chip ubwabyo kugirango bigere hanze (umwuka). Uburyo bwuzuye bwo gutera inshinge, imirasire ya luminescence ikora neza, chip yo gukuramo urumuri rwo hanze, nibindi, finale 30-40% gusa yingufu zinjiza mumbaraga zoroheje, naho 60-70% yingufu zayo zisigaye ahanini ziboneka mubitari- imirasire igoye ya dot-matrix vibration ihindura ubushyuhe.
Ubwiyongere bwubushyuhe bwa chip buzamura urwego rutari imirasire, bizarushaho kunaniza imikorere yumucyo. Kuberako abantu batekereza ko LED zifite ingufu nyinshi zidafite ubushyuhe, mubyukuri, zirabikora. Ubushyuhe bwinshi butera ibibazo byoroshye mugihe cyo gukoresha. Byongeye kandi, abantu benshi bakoresha LEDs zifite ingufu nyinshi kunshuro yambere kandi ntibumve uburyo bwo gukemura neza ibibazo byubushyuhe, bigatuma umusaruro wizewe uba ikibazo nyamukuru. Hano rero hari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe reka dutekereze kuri: Ese LED zifite ubushyuhe butangwa? Ubushuhe bungana iki? LED itanga ubushyuhe bangahe?
Munsi ya voltage yimbere ya LED, electron zibona ingufu ziva mumashanyarazi. Munsi yo gutwara umurima wamashanyarazi, umurima wamashanyarazi uhuza PN uratsindwa, kandi impinduka ziva mukarere ka N zerekeza mukarere ka P. zibaho. Izi electron zisubirana hamwe nu mwobo mu karere ka P. Kubera ko electroni yubusa igenda mu karere ka P ifite ingufu nyinshi kurenza electroni ya valence mukarere ka P, electron zisubira mumbaraga nkeya mugihe cyo kwiyubaka, kandi ingufu zirenze zikarekurwa muburyo bwa fotone. Uburebure bwa fotone yasohotse bujyanye no gutandukanya ingufu Eg. Birashobora kugaragara ko agace gasohora urumuri ahanini kegereye ihuriro rya PN, kandi kohereza urumuri nigisubizo cyingufu zasohowe na recombination ya electron nu mwobo. Muri diode ya semiconductor, electron zizahura nuburwanya mugihe cyurugendo rwose kuva muri semiconductor kugera muri semiconductor. Duhereye gusa ku ihame, imiterere yumubiri ya diode ya semiconductor ituruka gusa ku ihame, umubare wa electron ziva muri electrode mbi na electron zagarutse kuri electrode nziza ya diode ya semiconductor irangana. Diode isanzwe, iyo electron-umwobo hamwe na recombination ibaye, bitewe nimpamvu yo gutandukanya urwego rwingufu Eg, ecran ya foton yasohotse ntabwo iri murwego rugaragara.
Mu nzira imbere ya diode, electron zikoresha imbaraga bitewe no guhangana. Imbaraga zikoreshwa zihuye namategeko shingiro ya electronics:
P = I2 R = I2 (RN + + RP) + IV
Inyandiko: RN ni ukurwanya umubiri wa zone ya N.
VTH ni gufungura-voltage ya PN ihuza
RP nigikorwa kinini cyo kurwanya akarere P.
Ubushyuhe butangwa nimbaraga zikoreshwa ni:
Q = Pt
Aho: t nigihe diode ifite ingufu.
Mubyukuri, LED iracyari diode ya semiconductor. Kubwibyo, iyo LED ikora mubyerekezo byimbere, inzira yayo ikora ihuye nibisobanuro byavuzwe haruguru. Imbaraga z'amashanyarazi ikoresha ni:
P LED = U LED × I LED
Aho: U LED ni voltage yimbere imbere ya LED isoko yumucyo
I LED numuyoboro unyura muri LED
Imbaraga z'amashanyarazi zikoreshwa zihindurwamo ubushyuhe hanyuma zirekurwa:
Q ＝ P LED × t
Icyitonderwa: t ni imbaraga-ku gihe
Mubyukuri, ingufu zarekuwe mugihe electron yongeye guhura nu mwobo mu karere ka P ntabwo itangwa bitaziguye n’amashanyarazi yo hanze, ariko kubera ko electron iri mu karere ka N, iyo nta murima w’amashanyarazi wo hanze, urwego rwingufu zayo ruri hejuru kuruta iy'akarere ka P. Urwego rwa electronique urwego ruri hejuru ya Eg. Iyo igeze mu karere ka P ikongera igahuza imyobo kugirango ibe electronique ya valence mukarere ka P, izarekura ingufu nyinshi. Ingano ya Eg igenwa nibikoresho ubwabyo kandi ntaho bihuriye n'umuriro w'amashanyarazi wo hanze. Uruhare rwamashanyarazi aturuka hanze kuri electron nugusunika kugana icyerekezo no gutsinda uruhare rwihuriro rya PN.
Ingano yubushyuhe butangwa na LED ntaho ihuriye no gukora neza; nta sano iri hagati yikigereranyo cyingufu zamashanyarazi zitanga urumuri, naho ijanisha risigaye ryamashanyarazi ritanga ubushyuhe. Binyuze mu gusobanukirwa ibyerekeranye no kubyara ubushyuhe, kurwanya ubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwo guhuza ingufu za LED zifite ingufu nyinshi hamwe ninkomoko ya formulaire ya theoretical hamwe nugupima ubushyuhe bwumuriro, turashobora kwiga igishushanyo mbonera cyo gupakira, gusuzuma no gukoresha ibicuruzwa bya LED zifite ingufu nyinshi. Twabibutsa ko gucunga ubushyuhe nikibazo cyingenzi murwego rwubu rwo gukora neza kumurika ibicuruzwa bya LED. Gutezimbere muburyo bwiza kugirango ugabanye ingufu zubushyuhe ni munsi yicyayi. Ibi bisaba gukora chip, gupakira LED no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa. Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga muri byose.
