Amatara atanu ya monochromatique agira ingaruka kumikurire yibihingwa

Umucyo nicyo kintu cyibanze cyibidukikije mu mikurire niterambere. Ntabwo ari isoko yingenzi yingufu za fotosintezeza, ahubwo ni ningirakamaro mugukuza ibimera niterambere. Gukura kw'ibimera no gutera imbere ntibibujijwe gusa nubunini bwumucyo cyangwa ubukana bwurumuri (ubwinshi bwa fotone, ubwinshi bwa fotone, PFD), ariko kandi nubwiza bwurumuri, ni ukuvuga uburebure butandukanye bwumucyo wumucyo nimirasire hamwe nibipimo bitandukanye.

Imirasire y'izuba irashobora kugabanywamo imirasire ya ultraviolet (ultraviolet, UV

Ibimera birashobora kumenya impinduka zifatika mubwiza bwurumuri, ubukana bwurumuri, uburebure bwurumuri, nicyerekezo mubidukikije bikura, kandi bigatangiza impinduka zifatika na morphologie zikenewe kugirango ibeho muri ibi bidukikije. Itara ry'ubururu, itara ritukura n'umucyo utukura cyane bigira uruhare runini mugucunga fotomorogenezi yibimera. Photoreceptors (phytochrome, Phy), cryptochrome (Cry), hamwe na Photoreceptors (Phototropin, Phot) yakira ibimenyetso byoroheje kandi bigatera imikurire niterambere ryibimera binyuze mukwirakwiza ibimenyetso.

Umucyo wa monochromatique nkuko ukoreshwa hano bivuga urumuri murwego rwumurongo wihariye. Urwego rwuburebure bwumucyo umwe rukumbi rukoreshwa mubushakashatsi butandukanye ntabwo ruhuye rwose, kandi andi matara ya monochromatique asa nuburebure bwumuraba akenshi usanga ahurira kumurongo utandukanye, cyane cyane mbere yuko hagaragara urumuri rutanga urumuri rwa LED. Muri ubu buryo, mubisanzwe, hazabaho ibisubizo bitandukanye ndetse bivuguruzanya.

Itara ritukura (R) ribuza kurambura internode, ritera amashami kuruhande no guhinga, gutinda gutandukanya indabyo, no kongera anthocyanine, chlorophyll na karotenoide. Itara ritukura rishobora gutera urumuri rwiza mumizi ya Arabidopsis. Itara ritukura rifite ingaruka nziza mukurwanya ibimera kurwanya biotic na abiotic.

Itara ritukura cyane (FR) rirashobora kurwanya ingaruka zitukura zitukura mubihe byinshi. Umubare muto wa R / FR utera kugabanuka kwubushobozi bwa fotosintetike yibishyimbo byimpyiko. Mu cyumba cyo gukura, itara ryera rya fluorescent rikoreshwa nkisoko nyamukuru yumucyo, kandi imirasire yumutuku wa kure (impumyi yohereza imyuka ya 734 nm) yongerwaho LED kugirango igabanye anthocyanine, karotenoide na chlorophyll, hamwe nuburemere bushya, uburemere bwumye, uburebure bwuruti, uburebure bwibabi nibibabi bikozwe. Ubugari bwiyongereye. Ingaruka ya FR yinyongera kumikurire irashobora guterwa no kwiyongera kwumucyo bitewe nubuso bwibabi. Arabidopsis thaliana ikura mubihe bito bya R / FR byari binini kandi binini ugereranije nibihingwa munsi ya R / FR, hamwe na biomass nini hamwe nubukonje bukabije. Ibipimo bitandukanye bya R / FR birashobora kandi guhindura kwihanganira umunyu mubihingwa.

Muri rusange, kongera igice cyurumuri rwubururu mumucyo wera birashobora kugabanya interode, kugabanya agace kamababi, kugabanya umuvuduko ukabije, no kongera ibipimo bya azote / karubone (N / C).

Iterambere ryinshi rya chlorophyll hamwe na chloroplast hamwe na chloroplasts hamwe na chlorophyll nyinshi ya a / b hamwe na karotenoide nkeya bisaba urumuri rwubururu. Munsi yumucyo utukura, umuvuduko wa fotosintetike yingirabuzimafatizo ya algae wagabanutse buhoro buhoro, kandi igipimo cya fotosintetike cyongeye gukira vuba nyuma yo kujya mumucyo wubururu cyangwa kongeramo urumuri rwubururu munsi yumucyo utukura. Iyo selile y-itabi ikura yijimye yimuriwe kumurabyo wubururu uhoraho muminsi 3, igiteranyo cyose hamwe na chlorophyll ya rubulose-1, 5-bisphosifate carboxylase / ogisijene (Rubisco) yiyongereye cyane. Bihuye nibi, uburemere bwumye bwingirabuzimafatizo mubunini bwumuti wumuti wibisubizo nabyo byiyongera cyane, mugihe byiyongera gahoro gahoro munsi yumucyo utukura uhoraho.

Biragaragara, kuri fotosintezeza no gukura kwibimera, gusa itara ritukura ntirihagije. Ingano zirashobora kuzuza ubuzima bwazo munsi yisoko imwe ya LED itukura, ariko kugirango ibone ibimera birebire hamwe nimbuto nyinshi, hagomba kongerwaho urugero rwumucyo wubururu (Imbonerahamwe 1). Umusaruro wa salitusi, epinari na radis ukura munsi yumucyo umwe utukura wari munsi ugereranije nibihingwa byakuze munsi yuruvange rwumutuku nubururu, mugihe umusaruro wibimera byakuze munsi yuruvange rwumutuku nubururu hamwe nurumuri rukwiye rwagereranijwe na ibyo bimera bikura munsi yamatara akonje ya fluorescent. Muri ubwo buryo, Arabidopsis thaliana irashobora gutanga imbuto munsi yumucyo umwe utukura, ariko ikura ihujwe n’urumuri rutukura nubururu kuko igipimo cyurumuri rwubururu kigabanuka (10% kugeza 1%) ugereranije nibihingwa bikura munsi yamatara akonje ya fluorescent. Gutera ibihingwa, indabyo nibisubizo byatinze. Nyamara, umusaruro wimbuto yibimera byakuze munsi yumucyo utukura nubururu urimo urumuri rwubururu 10% byari kimwe cya kabiri cyibimera byakuze munsi yamatara akonje ya fluorescent. Itara ryinshi ry'ubururu ribuza gukura kw'ibimera, kugabanya interode, kugabanya amashami, kugabanya amababi, no kugabanya uburemere bwumye. Ibimera bifite itandukaniro ryubwoko butandukanye mugukenera urumuri rwubururu.

Twabibutsa ko nubwo ubushakashatsi bumwe bwakoresheje ubwoko butandukanye bwumucyo bwerekanye ko itandukaniro ryimiterere yimiterere yibihingwa no gukura bifitanye isano no gutandukanya igipimo cyurumuri rwubururu murwego, imyanzuro iracyari ikibazo kuko ibigize bitari ubururu urumuri rutangwa nubwoko butandukanye bwamatara akoreshwa aratandukanye. Kurugero, nubwo uburemere bwumye bwibiti bya soya n amasaka bikura munsi yumucyo umwe wa fluorescent hamwe nigipimo cya net fotosintetike kuri buri kibabi cyibabi kiri hejuru cyane ugereranije nigihingwa munsi yamatara ya sodium yumuvuduko muke, ibisubizo ntibishobora guterwa rwose numucyo wubururu munsi amatara maremare ya sodium. Kubura, Mfite ubwoba ko nabyo bifitanye isano numucyo wumuhondo nicyatsi munsi yigitereko gito cya sodium itara hamwe numucyo utukura wa orange.

Uburemere bwumye bwingemwe zinyanya zikura munsi yumucyo wera (zirimo itara, ubururu nicyatsi kibisi) ryaragabanutse cyane ugereranije ningemwe zahinzwe munsi yumucyo utukura nubururu. Kugaragaza uburyo bwo gukumira gukura mu muco w’inyama byagaragaje ko urumuri rwangiza cyane ari urumuri rwatsi rufite impinga ya 550 nm. Uburebure bwibihingwa, uburemere bushya kandi bwumye bwa marigold ikura munsi yumucyo wicyatsi kibisi yiyongereyeho 30% kugeza kuri 50% ugereranije nibihingwa bikura munsi yumucyo wuzuye. Itara ryuzuye-ryuzuye urumuri rwatsi rutera ibimera kuba bigufi kandi byumye, kandi uburemere bushya buragabanuka. Kuraho itara ryatsi bishimangira uburabyo bwa marigold, mugihe wongeyeho urumuri rwatsi rubuza indabyo za Dianthus na salitusi.

Ariko, hari na raporo zerekana urumuri rwatsi rutera imbere. Kim n'abandi. yanzuye avuga ko urumuri rutukura-ubururu rwahujwe (LEDs) rwuzuza urumuri rwatsi rutera umwanzuro ko imikurire y’ibihingwa ihagarikwa iyo urumuri rwatsi rurenze 50%, mu gihe imikurire y’ibihingwa yiyongera iyo igipimo cy’urumuri rwatsi kiri munsi ya 24%. Nubwo uburemere bwumye bwigice cyo hejuru cya salitusi bwiyongera kumuri wicyatsi wongeyeho urumuri rwicyatsi kibisi kumurongo wumutuku nubururu uhujwe nurumuri rutangwa na LED, umwanzuro wuko urumuri rwicyatsi rwongera imikurire kandi rutanga byinshi biomass kuruta urumuri rwera rukonje ruteye ikibazo: (1) Uburemere bwumye bwa biomass bareba nuburemere bwumye bwigice cyo hejuru. Niba uburemere bwumye bwa sisitemu yo munsi yubutaka burimo, ibisubizo birashobora kuba bitandukanye; . y'itara rikonje rya fluorescent yera (51%), ni ukuvuga, ingaruka zo guhagarika urumuri rwatsi rwamatara akonje ya fluorescent iruta amabara atatu. Ibisubizo by'itara; .

Ariko, kuvura imbuto hamwe na lazeri yicyatsi birashobora gukora radis na karoti bikubye kabiri kugenzura. Icyatsi kibisi cyijimye gishobora kwihutisha kurambura ingemwe zikura mu mwijima, ni ukuvuga guteza imbere kuramba. Kuvura ingemwe za Arabidopsis thaliana hamwe numucyo umwe wicyatsi (525 nm ± 16 nm) impiswi (11.1 μ mol · m-2 · s-1, 9 s) ziva kumasoko ya LED byatumye kugabanuka kwinyandiko za plastide no kwiyongera kwikura ryibiti igipimo.

Hashingiwe ku myaka 50 ishize y’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Photobiology y’ibimera, haganiriwe ku ruhare rw’urumuri rwatsi mu iterambere ry’ibimera, indabyo, gufungura stomatal, gukura kw'ibiti, imvugo ya chloroplast no kugena imikurire y'ibimera. Byizerwa ko urumuri rwicyatsi kibisi ruhuza ibyuma bitukura nubururu. Kugenzura imikurire niterambere ryibimera. Menya ko muri iri suzuma, itara ryatsi (500 ~ 600nm) ryaguwe kugirango ushiremo igice cyumuhondo cyerekana (580 ~ 600nm).

Itara ry'umuhondo (580 ~ 600nm) ribuza gukura kwa salitusi. Ibisubizo byibirimo bya chlorophyll hamwe nuburemere bwumye kumibare itandukanye yumutuku, umutuku kure cyane, ubururu, ultraviolet numucyo wumuhondo byerekana ko urumuri rwumuhondo gusa (580 ~ 600nm) rushobora gusobanura itandukaniro ryingaruka zo gukura hagati yigitereko cya sodium yumuvuduko ukabije nicyuma cya halide itara. Ni ukuvuga, urumuri rwumuhondo rubuza gukura. Nanone, urumuri rwumuhondo (impinga kuri 595 nm) rwabujije gukura kwimbuto cyane kuruta urumuri rwatsi (impinga kuri 520 nm).

Imyanzuro imwe yerekeye ingaruka zivuguruzanya zumucyo / icyatsi kibisi zishobora guterwa nurwego rudahuye rwuburebure bwumucyo ukoreshwa murubwo bushakashatsi. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko abashakashatsi bamwe bashyira urumuri kuva kuri 500 kugeza kuri 600 nm nkurumuri rwatsi, hariho ibitabo bike ku ngaruka zumucyo wumuhondo (580-600 nm) kumikurire niterambere.

Imirasire ya Ultraviolet igabanya ahantu h’ibabi by’ibimera, ikabuza kurambura hypocotyl, igabanya fotosintezeza n’umusaruro, kandi bigatuma ibimera byibasirwa n’indwara ziterwa na virusi, ariko birashobora gutera synthesis ya flavonoid hamwe nuburyo bwo kwirwanaho. UV-B irashobora kugabanya ibirimo aside acorbike na β-karotene, ariko irashobora guteza imbere synthesis ya anthocyanin. Imirasire ya UV-B itera fenotype yikimera, amababi mato, amababi manini, petiole ngufi, kongera amashami yingirakamaro, hamwe nimpinduka zumuzi / ikamba.

Ibyavuye mu iperereza ku bihingwa 16 by’umuceri byaturutse mu turere 7 dutandukanye tw’Ubushinwa, Ubuhinde, Filipine, Nepal, Tayilande, Vietnam na Sri Lanka muri pariki byagaragaje ko kwiyongera kwa UV-B byatumye biyomasi yiyongera. Ibihingwa (kimwe gusa muri byo byageze ku ntera igaragara, kuva muri Sri Lanka), ubwoko 12 (muri bwo 6 bwari bukomeye), naho abafite sensibilité ya UV-B bagabanutse cyane mu bibabi no mu bunini bwa tiller. Hariho ibihingwa 6 bifite chlorophyll yiyongereye (2 muri byo bigera kurwego rukomeye); Ibihingwa 5 byagabanutse cyane igipimo cyibibabi bya fotosintetike, hamwe nubwoko 1 bwateye imbere cyane (biomass yuzuye nayo irakomeye) kwiyongera).

Umubare wa UV-B / PAR ni ikintu cyingenzi kigena ibimera kuri UV-B. Kurugero, UV-B na PAR hamwe bigira ingaruka kumyororokere hamwe namavuta ya mint, bisaba urumuri rwinshi rwurumuri rusanzwe.

Twabibutsa ko ubushakashatsi bwa laboratoire ku ngaruka za UV-B, nubwo ari ingirakamaro mu kumenya ibintu byandikirwa hamwe n’ibindi bintu bya molekuline na physiologique, biterwa no gukoresha urwego rwisumbuye rwa UV-B, nta UV-A ihurira hamwe na kenshi PAR, ibisubizo mubisanzwe ntabwo byimuwe mubidukikije. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mubusanzwe bukoresha amatara ya UV kugirango uzamure cyangwa ukoreshe muyunguruzi kugirango ugabanye urwego UV-B.