LED

Intangiriro

Diode itanga urumuri (LED) ni amasoko abiri ayobora igice cya kabiri cyumucyo. Mu 1962, Nick Helenak wa General Electric yakoze diode ya mbere igaragara igaragara itanga urumuri.

LED igizwe na chip yibikoresho bya semiconducting byanditseho umwanda kugirango habeho pn ihuza. Kimwe no mu zindi diode, ikigezweho gitemba byoroshye kuva p-uruhande, cyangwa anode, kuri n-uruhande, cyangwa cathode, ariko ntabwo biri muburyo bwinyuma.

Iterambere rya LED ryatangiranye nibikoresho bya infragre kandi bitukura bikozwe na gallium arsenide. Iterambere ryibikoresho siyanse yatumye gukora ibikoresho bifite uburebure-burebure bwumuraba, bitanga urumuri mumabara atandukanye .。

LED Itara Muri Mainstream

Iyo turebye ku isoko, amatara ya Halogen (HID) arazwi nkisoko yo hanze ya basketball yamurika mugihe runaka. Amatara ya Halogen akoreshwa cyane mubyapa binini byo hanze, sitasiyo, gutumanaho, inganda n’amabuye y'agaciro, nibindi, kandi byinjizwa mumatara ya basketball yo hanze, ikibuga gisanzwe cya basketball (metero 32x19), hamwe nibyiza byo kumurika cyane, kumurika neza gukora neza no kubungabunga neza. Hamwe n'amatara ya halogen ya 4-6 ya 400W, irashobora guhaza byimazeyo amatara yikibuga cya basket. Amatara ya Halogen nayo afite ibyiza byurwego rurerure, imbaraga zinjira cyane hamwe no kumurika kimwe, kuburyo gukoresha itara rito ryashyizwe kure yuruhande rwamasomo rishobora no kugera kubisabwa kumatara yikibuga cya basketball. Ingaruka z'amatara ya halogene ni uko ingufu ari nini, igipimo cyo gukoresha ingufu ntikiri hejuru, kandi ubukana bw'urumuri ni bwinshi. Kumara igihe kinini kumucyo bizagira ingaruka kumyitozo ngororamubiri.

Nkuburyo nyamukuru bwo guhitamo amatara yo hanze, amatara ya LED akundwa kumurika hanze kubera gukoresha ingufu nke, ubunini buto, uburemere bworoshye nubushobozi buke bwo kumurika. Ikoreshwa ryinshi ryamatara ya LED murwego rwo kumurika ikibuga cya basketball hanze byagaragaye vuba aha. Mu rwego rwo gucana hanze, LED irashobora kuzigama ingufu za 50% kugeza 90% ugereranije n’amatara asohora gaze cyane (HID). Igiciro cyambere gishobora gutuma ba nyirubwite batekereza kuzamura bidatinze, ariko ingaruka ya LED yo kuzigama ingufu irahambaye, kandi gutunganya ibicuruzwa birashobora kugerwaho mugihe cyumwaka umwe cyangwa itatu. Ubundi buryo bwo kuzigama ibiciro kuri LED ni ukugabanya ibikenewe kubungabungwa.

Itara ryicyuma cya halide rimaze gusimburwa, mubisanzwe ni munsi ya 50% yumucyo wambere. Ibi bivuze ko batanga urwego rwo kumurika ruri munsi yubushakashatsi bwabo bwambere kandi mubisanzwe bitanga ingaruka yibanze. Ibinyuranye, LED yumunsi ifite igipimo cyo gufata neza hejuru ya 95% nyuma yamasaha 60.000, bihagije kugirango urumuri rwijoro rurenze imyaka 14.