LED

Hordhac

Diode iftiin-bixiya (LED) waa ilayska laba-lead ee semiconductor ah. Sannadkii 1962-kii, Nick Helenak's General Electric wuxuu soo saaray qalabkii ugu horreeyay ee iftiimiya iftiinka.

LED-ku waxa uu ka kooban yahay shay semiconducting ah oo lagu shubay wasakh si loo abuuro isgoysyada pn. Sida diode-yada kale, hadda si fudud ayuu uga soo qulqulaa p-side, ama anode, xagga n-side, ama cathode, laakiin maaha jihada gadaale.

Horumarinta LED-ku waxay ku bilaabatay aaladaha infrared iyo guduudan oo lagu sameeyay gallium arsenide. Horumarka laga gaaray cilmiga agabka ayaa suurtageliyay sameynta aalado leh mawjadaha dhaadheer ee weligood-gaaban, soona saaraya iftiin midabyo kala duwan leh.

Iftiinka LED ee Jidka Guud

Markaan eegno suuqa, nalalka Halogen (HID) waxay caan ku yihiin ilayska bannaanka ee kubbadda koleyga muddo cayiman. Laambadaha Halogen waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa boodhadhka waaweyn ee bannaanka, saldhigyada, terminalka, warshadaha iyo shirkadaha macdanta, iwm. waxtarka iyo dayactirka habboon. Iyada oo leh 4-6 nalal halogen ah oo qiyaastii ah 400W, waxay si buuxda u dabooli kartaa baahiyaha iftiinka maxkamada kubbadda koleyga. Nalalka Halogen waxay sidoo kale leeyihiin faa'iidooyinka fogaanta dheer, awood xoog leh oo xoog leh iyo iftiin isku mid ah, si isticmaalka tiro yar oo nalal ah oo lagu rakibay meel fog oo dhinaca koorsada ah ayaa sidoo kale gaari karta shuruudaha iftiinka ee maxkamadda kubbadda kolayga. Khasaarada nalalka halogen-ka ayaa ah in korontadu ay aad u weyn tahay, saamiga isticmaalka tamarta ma sarreeyo, iftiinka iftiinka ayaa aad u sarreeya. Soo-gaadhista muddada-dheer ee iftiinka noocan oo kale ah waxay saameyn doontaa aragtida muuqaalka cayaartoyga.

Sida doorashada guud ee iftiinka dibadda, nalalka LED-ka ayaa doorbidaya iftiinka dibadda sababtoo ah isticmaalka tamarta yar, cabbir yar, miisaanka fudud iyo waxtarka iftiinka sare. Isticmaalka baahsan ee nalalka LED-ka ee garoonka bannaanka ee nalalka barxadda kubbadda koleyga ayaa dhowaan soo baxday. Dhinaca iftiinka dibadda, LED-yadu waxay badbaadin karaan 50% ilaa 90% tamarta marka la barbar dhigo nalalka gaaska-cadaadiska ah (HID). Qiimaha bilowga ah ayaa laga yaabaa inuu ka dhigo qaar ka mid ah milkiilayaasha iyagoo tixgelinaya dib u cusbooneysiinta, laakiin saameynta tamarta tamarta LED-ka ayaa muhiim ah, dib-u-warshadaynta waxaa lagu gaari karaa hal ilaa saddex sano gudahood. Hab kale oo kharashka lagu badbaadiyo ee LED waa in la yareeyo baahida dayactirka.

Marka nalka halide birta ah la beddelo, caadi ahaan waa in ka yar 50% soosaarka iftiinka asalka ah. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay inay bixiyaan heer iftiin ah oo aad uga hooseeya naqshadooda asalka ah waxayna badanaa soo saaraan saameyn diiradda. Taas bedelkeeda, LED-yada maanta waxay leeyihiin heerka dayactirka lumen ee ka badan 95% ka dib saacadaha 60,000, oo ku filan si loo ilaaliyo heerarka iftiinka habeenkii ee ka badan 14 sano.