Ubushushu boMbala we-LED
Kuba uninzi lokukhanya olukhutshwa ngumthombo wokukhanya ngokudibeneyo kubhekiselwa kuko njengokukhanya okumhlophe, iqondo lobushushu letafile yombala okanye iqondo lobushushu elihambelanayo lomthombo wokukhanya lisetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kwiqondo apho umbala wokukhanya umhlophe ngokwentelekiso ukulinganisa ukukhanya. ukusebenza kombala womthombo wokukhanya. Ngokutsho kwethiyori kaMax Planck, umzimba omnyama oqhelekileyo onokufunxa ngokupheleleyo kunye ne-radioactivity ushushu, kwaye ubushushu buyanda ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ukukhanya kutshintsha ngokufanelekileyo; Ilungu lomzimba omnyama kwisikali sombala weCIE libonisa inkqubo yomzimba omnyama obomvu-orenji-tyheli-tyheli-mhlophe-mhlophe-bhlowu-mhlophe. Iqondo lobushushu apho umzimba omnyama ufudunyezwa ngokufanayo okanye usondele kumthombo wokukhanya uchazwa njengobushushu bombala onxibeleleneyo womthombo wokukhanya, obizwa ngokuba bubushushu obupheleleyo K (Kelvin okanye uKelvin) (K=°C+273.15) . Ngoko ke, xa umzimba omnyama ufudumala kumbala obomvu, ubushushu bumalunga ne-527 ° C, oko kukuthi, i-800 K, kunye namanye amaqondo okushisa achaphazela utshintsho lombala.
Okukhona umbala okhanyayo uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kokukhona ubushushu bombala buphezulu; umbala obomvu ungaphantsi kobushushu bombala. Umbala wokukhanya emini uphinde utshintshe ngexesha: imizuzu engama-40 emva kokuphuma kwelanga, umbala okhanyayo uphuzi, ubushushu bombala ngu-3,000K; ilanga lasemini limhlophe, liphuma kwi-4,800-5,800K; Emini emaqanda ngeentsuku ezinamafu, malunga ne-6,500K; Ngaphambi kokutshona kwelanga, umbala ubomvu kwaye ubushushu bombala buhla ukuya kwi-2,200K. Ubushushu bombala obunxulunyaniswayo weminye imithombo yokukhanya, ngenxa yokuba ubushushu bombala obunxulunyaniswayo ngokwenene ngumzimba omnyama imitha yemitha esondela kumthombo wokukhanya kombala, ixabiso lovavanyo lokukhanya kombala wokukhanya ayisiyiyo umahluko wombala ochanekileyo, ngoko ke imithombo yokukhanya emibini efanayo. ixabiso lobushushu bombala, Kusenokubakho umahluko othile kwinkangeleko yombala okhanyayo. Iqondo lobushushu lombala lilodwa alinakuqonda amandla okunika umbala womthombo wokukhanya kwinto, okanye indlela umbala wento oveliswa ngayo kwakhona phantsi komthombo wokukhanya.
Ubushushu bombala obuhambelanayo bommandla ohlukeneyo womthombo wokukhanya
Usuku lwamafu 6500-7500k
Ukukhanya kwelanga ehlotyeni emini 5500K
Isibane se-Metal halide 4000-4600K
Ukukhanya kwelanga emva kwemini 4000K
Cool umbala inkampu ukukhanya 4000-5000K
Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwesibane semercury 3450-3750K
Ukukhanya kwenkampu yombala ofudumeleyo 2500-3000K
Isibane seHalogen 3000K
Ukukhanya kwekhandlela 2000K
Ubushushu bombala bomthombo wokukhanya buhlukile kwaye umbala okhanyayo uhlukile. Ubushushu bombala bungaphantsi kwe-3300K, kukho umoya ozinzile, ukuvakalelwa kokufudumala; ubushushu bombala ngu-3000--5000K kubushushu bombala ophakathi, kwaye kukho ukuziva uhlaziya; ubushushu bombala bunemvakalelo ebandayo engaphezulu kwe-5000K. Imibala eyahlukeneyo yokukhanya yemithombo eyahlukeneyo yokukhanya yenza eyona ndawo ilungileyo.
Ubushushu bombala yimbono yeliso lomntu kwizikhanyiso okanye izibonisi ezimhlophe. Le yimvakalelo yefiziksi. Izinto ezintsonkothileyo nezintsonkothileyo zefiziyoloji kunye neesayikholoji zikwahluka kumntu nomntu. Ubushushu bombala bunokutshintshwa ngendlela yomntu kwi-TV (i-illuminator) okanye ifoto (i-reflector). Umzekelo, sisebenzisa isibane sobushushu be-3200K (3200K) ukufota, kodwa songeza isihluzo esibomvu kwilensi. Ukucoca ngokukhanya okubomvu okuncinci kwenza ifoto ibonakale isezantsi kubushushu bombala; esona sizathu sinye, singakwazi nokunciphisa ubomvu kancinane kwiTV (kodwa ukunciphisa kakhulu kuya kuchaphazela nokusebenza okubomvu okuqhelekileyo) ukwenza umfanekiso ubonakale ushushu kancinci.
Ukukhethwa kobushushu bombala kugqitywa ngabantu. Oku kunxulumene nembonakalo yemihla ngemihla esiyibonayo. Ngokomzekelo, kubantu abasondeleyo kwi-ikhweyitha, iqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo lombala libonwa yonke imihla yi-11000K (8000K (ukuhlwa) ~ 17000K (emini)). Ke ndikhetha ubushushu bombala ophakamileyo (obonakala unyanisekile). Ngokwahlukileyo, abantu abanee-latitudes eziphezulu (i-avareji yombala wokushisa malunga ne-6000K) bakhetha ukushisa kombala ophantsi (5600K okanye 6500K), oku kuthetha ukuba usebenzisa i-high Ubushushu bombala weTV ukubonisa indawo ye-Arctic, kubonakala ngathi iluhlaza; ngokuchaseneyo, ukuba usebenzisa i-TV yobushushu bombala ophantsi ukubona isitayile se-subtropical, uya kuziva ubomvu kancinci.
Ichazwa njani iqondo lobushushu lombala weTV okanye isikrini sokubonisa? Kuba umndilili wobushushu bombala kwindawo yaseTshayina imalunga ne-8000K ukuya kwi-9500K unyaka wonke, ukuveliswa kwenkqubo yesitishi sikamabonakude kusekelwe kubushushu bombala bombukeli obungama-9300K. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ubushushu bombala eYurophu naseMelika buhluke kwezethu, iqondo lokushisa eliphakathi konyaka wonke limalunga ne-6000K. Ngoko ke, xa sijonga ezo filimu zangaphandle, siya kufumanisa ukuba i-5600K ~ 6500K yeyona nto ifanelekileyo ukubukela. Kakade ke, lo mahluko usenza sivakalelwe kukuba xa sibona isikrini sekhompyutha okanye sikamabonwakude eYurophu naseMelika, sivakalelwa kukuba ubushushu bombala bubomvu yaye bushushu, yaye abanye abafanelekanga.