I-LED

Intshayelelo

I-light-emitting diode (i-LED) ngumthombo wokukhanya we-semiconductor okhokelayo-mbini. Ngo-1962, u-Nick Helenak kaGeneral Electric wavelisa i-diode yokuqala ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ekhupha ukukhanya.

I-LED iqulethe i-chip ye-semiconducting material edibeneyo kunye nokungcola ukudala i-pn junction. Njengakwezinye iidiode, i-current ibaleka ngokulula ukusuka kwi-p-side, okanye i-anode, ukuya kwi-n-side, okanye i-cathode, kodwa kungekhona kwicala elingasemva.

Uphuhliso lwe-LED lwaqala ngezixhobo ze-infrared nezibomvu ezenziwe nge-gallium arsenide. Inkqubela phambili kwisayensi yezinto yenze ukuba izixhobo zenze izixhobo ezinobude obufutshane obuhlala bufutshane, zikhupha ukukhanya ngemibala eyahlukeneyo..

Ukukhanya kwe-LED kwi-Mainstream

Njengoko sijonga kwimarike, izibane zeHalogen (HID) zithandwa njengomthombo wokukhanya wenkundla yebhasikithi yangaphandle kangangexesha elithile. Izibane zeHalogen zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiibhilibhodi ezinkulu zangaphandle, izikhululo, iitheminali, amashishini emizi-mveliso kunye nemigodi, njl.njl., kwaye zingeniswa kwizibane zangaphandle zebhola yomnyazi, inkundla yebhasikithi esemgangathweni yangaphandle (iimitha ezingama-32x19), kunye nezibonelelo zokukhanya okuphezulu, ukukhanya okuhle. ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokugcinwa kakuhle. Ngezibane ze-4-6 ze-halogen malunga ne-400W, inokuhlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zokukhanya kwenkundla yebhasikithi. Izibane zeHalogen nazo zineenzuzo zoluhlu olude, amandla okungena anamandla kunye nokukhanya okufanayo, ukwenzela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwenani elincinci lezibane ezifakwe kumgama ukusuka kwicala lekhosi kunokufikelela kwiimfuno zokukhanyisa kwinkundla yebhola yomnyazi. Ukungalungi kwezibane ze-halogen kukuba amandla makhulu, umlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa kwamandla awuphezulu, kwaye ukukhanya kokukhanya kuphezulu kakhulu. Ukubonakaliswa kwexesha elide kokukhanya okunjalo kuya kuchaphazela umgwebo obonakalayo womdlali.

Njengokhetho oluqhelekileyo lokukhanyisa ngaphandle, izibane ze-LED zikhethwa ekukhanyeni kwangaphandle ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, ubungakanani obuncinci, ubunzima obukhanyayo kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kokukhanya. Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezibane ze-LED kwibala lokukhanya kwenkundla ye-basketball yangaphandle kusanda kuvela. Kwintsimi yokukhanyisa kwangaphandle, ii-LED zingagcina i-50% ukuya kwi-90% yamandla xa kuthelekiswa nezibane zokukhutshwa kwegesi ephezulu (HID). Iindleko zokuqala zinokwenza abanye abanini bathathele ingqalelo uphuculo bathandabuze, kodwa isiphumo sokonga amandla e-LED sibalulekile, kwaye ukurisayikilishwa kwakhona kunokufezekiswa kunyaka omnye ukuya kwemithathu. Enye indlela yokonga i-LED kukunciphisa imfuno yolondolozo.

Emva kokuba isibane se-metal halide sitshintshwe, ngokuqhelekileyo singaphantsi kwe-50% yemveliso yokukhanya yokuqala. Oku kuthetha ukuba babonelela ngenqanaba lokukhanyisa eliphantsi kakhulu kunoyilo lwabo lokuqala kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo livelisa umphumo wokugxila. Ngokuchaseneyo, ii-LED zanamhlanje zinezinga lokugcinwa kwe-lumen elingaphezulu kwe-95% emva kweeyure ezingama-60,000, ezaneleyo ukugcina amanqanaba okukhanyisa ebusuku angaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-14.