Ukuthelekisa ukuKhanya: I-LED vs Izibane zeMetal Halide
Yintoni isibane seMetal Halide:
I-Metal halides zikhompawundi ezenziwe xa isinyithi kunye nezinto ze-halogen zidibanisa. Ziquka izinto ezifana ne-sodium chloride (ityuwa) kunye ne-uranium hexafluoride (amafutha asetyenziswa kwiireactors zamandla enyukliya). Izibane ze-Metal halide zivelisa ukukhanya ngokudlula umbane ngokudibanisa i-mercury kunye negesi ye-metal halide. Zisebenza ngokufana kakhulu nezinye izibane ezikhupha igesi (umzekelo, umphunga wemekyuri) - umahluko ophambili kukubunjwa kwerhasi. Ukuqaliswa kwe-metal halide vapor ngokubanzi kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho wokukhanya.
Yintoni ePhakamileyo kwizibane zeMetal Halide:
Izibane ze-Metal halide zi-3-5 amaxesha asebenzayo njengee-incandescent bulbs kwaye zivelise ukukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kwaye kuxhomekeke kumxube othile we-metal halides, banobushushu bombala ophezulu kakhulu (ukuya kwi-5500K). Oku kuthetha ukuba iibhalbhu zesinyithi ze-halide zinokuba luncedo kakhulu kwizicelo ezinobunzulu obuphezulu njengezibane zeenqwelo-mafutha, ukukhanyisa kwindawo yeembaleki, okanye kwizibane ezifotayo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku eyona nto ilungileyo i-metal halides ihambe kubo kukukhanya okukumgangatho ophezulu abaphumayo.
Zeziphi iiNtsilelo eziBalulekileyo kwizibane zeMetal Halide:
Phakathi kokusilela ekukhanyeni kwe-metal halide zezi zilandelayo:
Izibane ze-Metal halide zinexesha elide lokufudumeza naluphi na ukukhanya kwimarike. Izibane ezininzi zesinyithi ze-halide ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla kunye nezixhobo zemidlalo zithatha imizuzu eyi-15-20 ukufikelela nje kubushushu obuqhelekileyo bokusebenza. Le yingxaki enkulu ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi:
Kufuneka zisetyenziswe ixesha elide kune-LED kuba azilayishi kwaye azicime xa kukho imfuneko.
Kufuneka uqikelele xa ufuna ukukhanya.
Izibane zinokusebenza xa kunganyanzelekanga ukuba zibe (umzekelo ngexesha lemizuzu engama-30 ukwehla) ukuthintela ukuba zingadingi ukufudumala xa zilayitiwe kwakhona.
Izibane zeMetal halide zisebenza kancinci xa ziqhutywa ngaphantsi kwamandla apheleleyo okusebenza. Ibhalbhu eqhelekileyo ihlala malunga ne-6,000 ukuya kwi-15,000 yeeyure zokusebenza. Ngokuxhomekeke kwibhalbhu ethile, unokuchitha malunga nesixa esifanayo ekuqaleni ngee-LED kunye ne-metal halides. Ingxaki kukuba ekuhambeni kwexesha kuya kufuneka uthenge i-halides yentsimbi eninzi (2-5) ukuze ilingane nobomi be-LED enye. Lilonke oko kuthetha iindleko eziphezulu kakhulu zogcino ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Zeziphi iiNtsilelo eziNcinane kwizibane zeMetal Halide:
Phakathi kokusilela okuncinci kwizibane ze-metal halide zezi zilandelayo:
Izibane ze-Metal halide zi-omnidirectional. Izibane ze-Omnidirectional zivelisa ukukhanya kwii-360 degrees. Oku kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo kuba ubuncinane isiqingatha sokukhanya kufuneka sibonakaliswe kwaye siqondiswe kwindawo efunwayo ekhanyiswayo. Isidingo sokubonakaliswa kunye nokuhlengahlengiswa kokukhanya kuthetha ukuba imveliso ingaphantsi kakhulu ngokufanelekileyo kwizibane ze-omnidirectional ngenxa yelahleko kunokuba ibe yokukhanya okufanayo ukuba isalathiso ngokwendalo yayo.
Apho zisetyenziswa khona izibane zeMetal Halide:
Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kokukhanya kwentsimbi ye-metal ibandakanya izibonelelo zemidlalo ezinkulu ezifana namabala emidlalo okanye iirenki zehoki kunye nezibane eziphakamileyo zeendawo zokugcina iimpahla kunye neendawo ezinkulu zangaphakathi.
I-LED:
Yintoni iDiode yokuKhanya (i-LED):
I-LED imele i-Light Emitting Diode. I-diode sisixhobo sombane okanye icandelo elinama-electrode amabini (i-anode kunye ne-cathode) apho umbane uhamba khona - ngokwempawu kwicala elinye kuphela (nge-anode nangaphandle nge-cathode). IiDiode zenziwa ngokubanzi ngemathiriyeli ye-semiconductive efana nesilicon okanye i-selenium - izinto eziqinileyo zemo ezisebenzisa umbane kwezinye iimeko hayi kwezinye (umz. kumbane othile, kumanqanaba akhoyo, okanye ukuqina kokukhanya). Xa i-current idlula kwizinto ze-semiconductor isixhobo sikhupha ukukhanya okubonakalayo. Kuhluke kakhulu kwiseli ye-photovoltaic (isixhobo esiguqula ukukhanya okubonakalayo kumbane wombane).
Ukuba unomdla kwiinkcukacha zobugcisa zendlela i-LED esebenza ngayo unokufunda ngakumbi ngayo. Kwimbali yokukhanya kwe-LED fundaApha.
Yintoni eyona nto iphambili kwizibane ze-LED
Kukho iingenelo ezine eziphambili kwizibane ze-LED:
Ii-LED zinobomi obude kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nazo zonke ezinye itekhnoloji yokukhanyisa (kubandakanya i-LPS kunye nezibane ze-fluorescent kodwa ngakumbi xa zithelekiswa nezibane ze-metal halide). Ii-LED ezintsha zinokuhlala iiyure ezingama-50,000 ukuya kwi-100,000 okanye ngaphezulu. Ubomi obuqhelekileyo bebhalbhu ye-metal halide, ngokuthelekisa, yi-12-30% ubude obude (ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-6,000 kunye ne-15,000 yeeyure).
Ii-LEDs zinamandla ngokugqithisileyo xa zithelekiswa nazo zonke ezinye itekhnoloji yokukhanyisa ekhoyo kurhwebo. Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba bachithe amandla amancinci ngendlela yemitha ye-infrared (ubushushu), kwaye bakhupha ukukhanya ngendlela (ngaphezulu kwe-180 degrees xa kuthelekiswa ne-360 degrees, oku kuthetha ukuba kukho ilahleko encinci kakhulu kwisidingo sokuphinda uqondise okanye bonakalisa ukukhanya).
Umgangatho wokukhanya ophezulu kakhulu.
Iindleko zokulungisa eziphantsi kakhulu kunye nobunzima.
Ziziphi izinto ezincinci eziPhakamileyo kwizibane ze-LED:
Ukongeza kwiinzuzo ezinkulu, izibane ze-LED zikwabonelela ngezinto ezincinci ezincinci. Ezi ziquka oku kulandelayo:
Izixhobo: Ii-LEDs zifuna izibane zesibane ezimbalwa kakhulu.
Umbala: Ii-LED zinokuthi ziyilwe ukuvelisa yonke i-spectrum yemibala ekhanyayo ebonakalayo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izihluzi zemibala zendabuko ezifunwa zizisombululo zokukhanyisa zendabuko.
Umkhombandlela: Ii-LED zihamba ngokwendalo (zikhupha ukukhanya kwi-180 degrees ngokungagqibekanga).
Ubungakanani: Ii-LED zinokuba zincinci kakhulu kunezinye izibane (nokuba zi-incandescent).
Ukufudumala: Ii-LED zinokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza (akukho kufudumala okanye ixesha lokupholisa).
Yintoni iNdawo ePhantsi kwizibane ze-LED?
Ukuqwalasela phezulu unokucinga ukuba izibane ze-LED azinangqondo. Ngelixa oku kusanda kwenzeka, kusekho urhwebo olumbalwa ekufuneka lwenziwe xa ukhetha i-LED:
Ngokukodwa, izibane ze-LED zibiza kakhulu. Iindleko zangaphambili zeprojekthi yokukhanyisa i-LED zinkulu kunezinye iindlela ezininzi. Le yeyona nto imbi kakhulu ekufuneka iqwalaselwe. Oko kwathiwa, ixabiso le-LED liyancipha ngokukhawuleza kwaye njengoko liqhubeka nokwamkelwa ngobuninzi ixabiso liya kuqhubeka ukuhla. Yonke loo nto yathi iindleko zangaphambili zee-LEDs xa zithelekiswa nezibane zentsimbi ze-halide zisondele ngokufanelekileyo. Zombini izibane (kuxhomekeke kwimodeli ethile kunye neenkcukacha) ngokuqhelekileyo zithengisa malunga ne-$ 10-$ 30 nge-luminaire nganye. Ngokuqinisekileyo oku kunokutshintsha kuzo zombini iimeko ngokuxhomekeke ekukhanyeni okuthile okubuzwayo.
Apho i-LED isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo:
Ukusetyenziswa kokuqala okusebenzayo kwee-LED kwakukwiibhodi zesekethe kwiikhompyuter. Ukusukela ngoko baye bazandisa ngokuthe ngcembe izicelo zabo ukuze baquke iirobhothi, iimpawu ezikhanyisiweyo, yaye kutshanje, izibane zangaphakathi nangaphandle. Izibane ze-LED zisisombululo esimangalisayo se-gymnasiums, iindawo zokugcina iimpahla, izikolo kunye nezakhiwo zorhwebo. Zikwayakwazi ukulungelelaniswa neendawo ezinkulu zikawonke-wonke (ezifuna izibane ezinamandla, ezisebenzayo kwindawo enkulu), izibane zendlela (ezinika iingenelo ezinombala obalulekileyo ngaphezu kwezibane zesodium eziphantsi kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu), kunye neendawo zokupaka.
Uthelekiso oluPhambili loBulunga
Nguwuphi uMahluko phakathi kweMetal Halide kunye nezibane ze-LED:
Ubuchwephesha obubini obahlukeneyo ziindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa ukukhanya. Iibhalbhu ze-Metal halide ziqulathe iintsimbi ezikhukulisekayo zibe ngumphunga kwirhasi engasebenziyo ngaphakathi kwecasing yeglasi ngelixa ii-LED zibubuchwephesha bobume be-semiconductor. Zombini itekhnoloji ivelisa ukukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu. Ii-LED zidla ngokuhlala ixesha elide kwaye zisebenza ngamandla kwaye zisebenza ngetekhnoloji eyongayo. I-Metal halides inamaxesha amade okufudumeza kunye nobomi obufutshane kodwa ivelisa ukukhanya okukumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu kwaye yenye yezona zibane zisebenzayo xa kuziwa kwiziphumo zobushushu obupholileyo bombala.
Kutheni ii-LED zinokubeka iibhalbhu ze-metal halide ngaphandle kweshishini:
Ezinye izibane zesinyithi ze-halide zinexesha elide lokufudumala (imizuzu eyi-15-20) xa ukukhanya kuqala kulayitiwe okanye kwimeko apho umthombo wamandla uphazamisekile. Ukongezelela, kukho umngcipheko omncinci wokuba isibane se-metal halide sinokuqhuma. Nangona oku kunqabile kwaye kukho amanyathelo okukhusela anciphisa umngcipheko, kusekho ithuba lokulimala okanye umonakalo ngenxa yoko. Amanyathelo othintelo aqhelekileyo aquka ukutshintsha iiglowubhu ngaphambi kokuphela kwazo ezilindelekileyo zobomi kunye ne-en-masse njengeqela (ngokuchasene nokutshintsha ibhalbhu enye ezisilelayo ngokwenene). Oku kunokunyusa kakhulu iindleko kwaye kunciphise kakhulu ubomi obuluncedo bokukhanya.
Ukongezelela, ii-bulb ze-metal halide azisebenzisi amandla angasebenziyo. Ngaphezulu koku, kufuneka ziqhutywe ixesha elide kakhulu kunokuba lifuneka ngokwenene ngenxa yemfuneko yokufudumala. Konke oku kuguqulela kwiindleko (ngokuqhelekileyo zibonakaliswa njengetyala eliphezulu eliluncedo). Nangona zibiza malunga nee-LED, iibhalbhu ze-metal halide ziya kuhlala zisongeza iindleko ngokuhamba kwexesha ngokusekelwe kwindlela ezisebenza ngayo ezingasebenzi kakuhle kunye nobuninzi bexesha ekufuneka zitshintshwe ngalo. Kwisakhiwo esikhulu (njengendawo yokugcina impahla, i-hockey rink, okanye ibala lezemidlalo), oku kungasebenzi kuya kudibanisa ngokwenene.