IsiKhokelo kwiBala lemidlalo yeQakamba
Iprojekthi yokukhanyisa ibala lekhilikithi egqwesileyo ayibandakanyi kuphela uyilo olucacileyo lwefotometric olunokuthi lubonise ezona ziphumo zokukhanya, kodwa kunye nokufakelwa okugqwesileyo kwezibane zezikhukhula ze-LED kwiindawo eziphezulu.
Ezinye zezona projekthi zixhaphakileyo ziquka ukutshintsha inkqubo yokukhanyisa ebaleni leqakamba, ukufakela nokutshintsha uyilo lokukhanyisa. Iqakamba ingadlalwa ngaphandle okanye ngaphakathi njengomdlalo okanye uqeqesho kwiindawo ezinenethi. Zombini izicwangciso zifuna izinga eliphezulu lokukhanyisa ukuze abadlali, ababukeli kunye nabaqeqeshi bakwazi ukulandela ngokukhuselekileyo isenzo somdlali kunye nokuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwebhola.
1. Ukubaluleka kokukhanyiswa kweqakamba
Ngamanye amaxesha iqakamba inokuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu, nto leyo efuna ukuba abadlali basabele kumgama okufutshane. Onke amanqanaba omdlalo kufuneka abonakale ngokucacileyo. Umzekelo, umdlali obetha ibhola kufuneka akubone kakuhle ukubaleka kwengalo, iintshukumo zengalo zomdlali ophosayo kunye nokugqithiswa kwebhola, okwangoku, abadlali bebhola ebaleni kunye nophosa ibhola kufuneka babone umdlali obethayo, othinti kunye nokubhabha kwebhola ngokucacileyo kumdlalo wonke.
Iindawo zokuzilolonga kunye namabala emidlalo anokukhetha ngamandla ukukhanya kwemini yendalo. Ngale ndlela, ukuthungatha ngokucophelela kunye nokulungelelaniswa okufanelekileyo kokukhanya kunye neendawo zokudlala kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okufanayo kunye nokuphepha ukukhanya kwelanga. Kwaye ukukhanya okwenziwayo kufuneka kuvelise iimeko ezifana nokukhanya kwemini yendalo. Ke abaphathi bebala leqakamba bafezekisa oku ngokusebenzisa izibane ezininzi zefluorescent ezixhonywe kwiipali eziphakamileyo. Kwelinye icala, banokukhetha ukuqhuba izibane ngokunxuseneyo kumacala omabini e-wicket ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayahambelana nendlela yokudlala. Kwelinye icala, banokukhetha ukuzifaka ngokuthe tye ukuze zihlolwe ukuthintela umgca wokubonwa kwebetha.
Ukukhanya okunokusasazwa okubonelela ngenqanaba elisezantsi lokubengezela kunokunceda ukulawula ilitha. Isilingi esinombala okhanyayo sinokunciphisa ukuchasana kokukhanya, okunceda ekunciphiseni ukukhanya. Ukulungelelaniswa ngokucokisekileyo kweendawo zokukhanyisa, iingoma zomnatha, inkqubo yokufudumala kunye ne-wicket inokunceda ukuphelisa izithunzi kunye nokukhuthaza ukusabalalisa ukukhanya okufanayo.
2. Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo zezibane zeMetal Halide
Izibane ze-Metal halide zizibane ezikhuphayo ezinikezela ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo okumhlophe kunye neblue spectrum. Ukusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1960, izibane zesinyithi ze-halide bezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiivenkile ezithengisayo kunye namabala ezemidlalo kuba zinokuvelisa ukukhanya okumhlophe okuqaqambileyo kunye nokusebenza okuqaqambileyo okuqaqambileyo kwaye ziphile ixesha elide, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho oludumileyo iminyaka emininzi. Kodwa izibane ze-metal halide nazo zinemiqobo emininzi.
Nazi iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zezibane ze-metal halide.
I-1) Ixesha elide lokufudumala
Emva kokukhanyisa izibane ze-metal halide, zithatha ixesha elide ukufudumala. Ezi zibane zinokuthatha ukusuka kwimizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwimizuzu engama-30 ukuphumeza ukukhanya okugcweleyo.
2) Ixesha elide lokupholisa
Ukuba umntu unqamla izibane kwi-switch power, baya kucima ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye bathathe imizuzu emi-5-10 ukuqala kwakhona.
3) Ukutshintsha kombala
Le yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo ngezibane zehalogen. Njengoko bekhula, ukukhanya kuya kungalingani.
4) Ukuqhekeka kwe-tube ye-arc
I-Metal halides iqulethe iityhubhu ze-arc ezithomalalisa njengoko iminyaka yesibane. Ziqala ukucima kwaye zivelise ubushushu obuninzi, obuya kubangela ukuba zigqabhuke.
5) Ziqulethe i-mercury
Nangona umxholo we-mercury umncinci, unetyhefu. Ukulungiswa kokulahlwa kwezi zibane kunzima kakhulu.
6) Imitha ye-ultraviolet
Ibhalbhu ivulwa ngoko nangoko, ivelise imitha ye-UV (i-ultraviolet). Ukuchanabeka kwimitha yemitha kunokukhokelela ekwaluphaleni ngaphambi kwexesha kunye nobungozi bomhlaza wolusu kunye norhatyazo.
Ezi ntsilelo zenza kube nzima ukufumana inzuzo kukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokomzekelo, kukhuphiswano lwangaphambili lweSuper Bowl ngeCawa, kwabakho ubumnyama xa umdlalo wawuqhubeka yaye eli Bala Lemidlalo laseSuperdome lasebenzisa izibane zentsimbi zehalide ngelo xesha. Nokuba amagcisa aqeqeshelwe ukubuyisela amandla ngoko nangoko, izibane zentsimbi ze halide bezinokuthatha ukuya kutsho kwimizuzu engama-30 ukufudumala kwaye umdlalo awukwazanga ukuqhubeka de izibane zokukhanya zifikelele ekuqaqambe ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye akuzange kubangele iindleko ezinkulu ezifana nombane kunye nabanye, kodwa kwakhona kwazisa amava angalunganga kubadlali kunye nabaphulaphuli.
3. Kutheni ukhetha izibane ze-LED kwibala leqakamba
1) Izibane ze-LED zinamandla angcono okusebenza
Izibane ze-LED zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi kwibala leqakamba. Umzekelo, ayawonga amandla kwaye asebenzisa amandla angaphantsi kwama-75%. Ngaphezu koko, bagcina ukukhanya kwabo kwasekuqaleni kubo bonke ubomi babo. Ezi zibane ze-LED azikhenkcezi okanye zibhuza njengoko uninzi lwetekhnoloji yokukhanyisa yesiko, okwangoku, inokunciphisa iindleko zokulondolozwa ngenxa yobomi babo obude. Okona kubaluleke ngakumbi, izibane ze-LED azinazo naziphi na izithako eziyingozi, oku kuthetha ukuba ukuchithwa kwazo akuyinkimbinkimbi.
2) Izibane ze-LED zinombala ophezulu wokunikezela ngesalathisi kwaye zidla umbane omncinci
Izibane ze-LED zinombala ophezulu wonikezelo wesalathiso ongaphezu kwama-80, onokugqamisa umbala oyinyaniso wezinto. Abavelisi banikezela ngemibala eyahlukeneyo yobushushu kwaye bafumane umdlalo olula kwibala lakho leqakamba okanye iimfuno zendawo. Kwaye izibane ze-LED zisebenzisa umbane omncinci, nokuba ziyakwazi ukusebenza phantsi kwenkxaso yamandla ombane welanga. Ngoko kuyaphepheka ukuthembela kwigridi yamandla, enokonga iindleko ezininzi zombane kwibala leqakamba.
3) Izibane ze-LED zinokunciphisa iinkqubo zokulawula ibala leqakamba
Izibane ze-LED zivumela ukulawulwa kokuphuma kokukhanya, oku kuthetha ukuba baneenkqubo zokulawula eziphambili kunye nokunxibelelana ngokukhawuleza. Xa isetyenziswe ngokubambisana nenkqubo yokulawula ukukhanya okuphezulu, iteknoloji yokukhanyisa i-LED inokunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza. Nokuba izibane zivuliwe ngexesha lomdlalo, kufuneka zikhanyise ngokulinganayo. Ngokutshintsha okukodwa, unokunciphisa ukukhanya okuphumayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50%. Zikulungele ukusasaza kwaye zibonelela nangokukhanya kwebala leqakamba.
Lilonke, xa sikhetha izibane ze-LED, kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba zikumgangatho ophezulu. Izibane kufuneka zibe nokukhanya okuphezulu, ubushushu bombala kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okukhanyayo. Zifanele zingabi namanzi kwaye zibe ne-thermal system esebenzayo, enokubonelela ngokungena komoya.