I-LED

Isingeniso

I-light-emitting diode (LED) ingumthombo wokukhanya wesemiconductor enamalead amabili. Ngo-1962, u-Nick Helenak kaGeneral Electric wasungula i-diode yokuqala ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ekhipha ukukhanya.

I-LED iqukethe i-chip ye-semiconducting material ehlanganiswe nokungcola ukuze kwakhe ukuhlangana kwe-pn. Njengakwamanye ama-diode, i-current igeleza kalula isuka ku-p-side, noma i-anode, iye ku-n-side, noma i-cathode, kodwa hhayi ibheke emuva.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-LED kwaqala ngamadivaysi e-infrared nabomvu enziwe nge-gallium arsenide. Ukuthuthuka kwesayensi yezinto zokwenza izinto ezinobude obufushane obuhlala bufushane, zikhipha ukukhanya ngemibala ehlukahlukene..

Ukukhanyisa kwe-LED ku-Mainstream

Njengoba sibheka imakethe, izibani ze-Halogen (HID) zidumile njengomthombo wokukhanyisa wenkundla ye-basketball yangaphandle isikhathi esithile. Amalambu e-halogen asetshenziswa kakhulu kumabhodi amakhulu amakhulu angaphandle, iziteshi, amatheminali, amabhizinisi ezimboni nezimayini, njll., futhi angeniswa ekukhanyisweni kwenkundla ye-basketball yangaphandle, inkundla ye-basketball yangaphandle evamile (32x19 metres), enezinzuzo zokukhanya okuphezulu, ukukhanya okuhle. ukusebenza kahle nokugcinwa kahle. Ngamalambu e-halogen angu-4-6 acishe abe ngu-400W, angakwazi ukuhlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zokukhanyisa enkundleni yebhola lombhoxo. Izibani ze-halogen nazo zinezinzuzo zohlu olude, amandla angena anamandla kanye nokukhanya okufanayo, ukuze ukusetshenziswa kwezibani ezimbalwa ezifakwe kude nohlangothi lwesifundo nakho kufinyelele izidingo zokukhanyisa enkundleni ye-basketball. Ububi bezibani ze-halogen ukuthi amandla makhulu ngokuqhathaniswa, isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwamandla asiphezulu, futhi amandla okukhanya aphakeme kakhulu. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ekukhanyeni okunjalo kuzothinta ukwahlulela okubonakalayo komsubathi.

Njengokukhetha okujwayelekile kokukhanyisa kwangaphandle, izibani zezikhukhula ze-LED zikhethwa ukukhanyisa kwangaphandle ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo okuphansi kwamandla, usayizi omncane, isisindo sokukhanya nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokukhanya. Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwezibani ze-LED emkhakheni wokukhanyisa inkundla ye-basketball yangaphandle kusanda kuvela kamuva. Emkhakheni wokukhanyisa kwangaphandle, ama-LED angonga u-50% kuya ku-90% wamandla uma kuqhathaniswa nezibani zokukhipha igesi ezinomfutho ophezulu (HID). Izindleko zokuqala zingenza abanikazi abathile abacabangela ukuthuthukiswa bangabaze, kodwa umphumela wokonga amandla we-LED ubalulekile, futhi ukugaywa kabusha kungafinyelelwa phakathi nonyaka owodwa kuya kwemithathu. Enye indlela yokonga izindleko ku-LED ukunciphisa isidingo sokulungiswa.

Uma isibani se-metal halide sesishintshiwe, ngokuvamile singaphansi kuka-50% wokukhanya kwasekuqaleni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bahlinzeka ngezinga lokukhanya eliphansi kakhulu kunomklamo wabo wangempela futhi ngokuvamile elikhiqiza umphumela wokugxila. Ngokuphambene, ama-LED anamuhla anezinga lokunakekelwa kwe-lumen elingaphezu kuka-95% ngemva kwamahora angu-60,000, okwanele ukugcina amazinga okukhanya ebusuku angaphezu kweminyaka eyi-14.