Ukukhanyisa kwenkundla
Izindlela zokukhanyisa ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zezemidlalo ikakhulukazi ngezindlela ezilandelayo: inkundla yezemidlalo yangaphandle, uhlobo lwesigxobo esikhanyayo, uhlobo lwemibhoshongo emine, uhlobo lwemibhoshongo eminingi, uhlobo lwebhande elikhanyayo, ibhande elikhanyayo kanye nohlobo lwe-lighthouse hybrid; inkundla yezemidlalo yasendlini, uhlobo lomfaniswano (isitayela esinenkanyezi), uhlobo lwebhande elikhanyayo (phezu kwenkundla nangaphezu kwenkundla), elixutshwe.
Isakhiwo semibhoshongo emine:
Izibani ezine zibekwe emagumbini amane esayithi. Ubude bombhoshongo ngokuvamile bungamamitha angama-25 kuye kwangama-50, futhi amalambu amancane asetshenziswa kakhulu. Lolu hlelo lufanele izinkundla zebhola ezingenayo imizila yezindiza, ukusetshenziswa kwezibani eziphansi, ukunakekelwa okunzima nokukhanda, kanye nezindleko eziphezulu. Uma izinga lokukhanyisa lingafuneki ngokweqile, lingahlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile zabasubathi nezethameli. Indawo efanele ye-lighthouse idala ukusabalalisa kokukhanya okufanele enkundleni ngokusebenzisa izinhlobonhlobo zama-engeli e-beam ahlukene. Kodwa namuhla, amamuvi namathelevishini adinga ukukhanya okuphezulu nokufana okufanayo okuqondile, okudinga ukuthi i-engeli yesigameko sokukhanya engxenyeni ekude yenkundla incane kakhulu kunomkhawulo onqunyiwe. Umthelela wokukhanya okuphezulu okutholwe ngamalambu amakhulu okukhipha igesi, kuhlanganiswe nokuphakama kombhoshongo wendabuko, kuveza ngokungenakugwemeka ukuxhopha ngokweqile. Ukushiyeka kwaleli fomu lesibani semibhoshongo emine ukuthi izinguquko ezibukwayo eziqondisweni ezahlukene zokubuka zinkulu futhi izithunzi zijulile. Ngokombono wokusakazwa kwe-TV enemibala, kunzima kakhulu ukulawula ukukhanya okuqondile kuzo zonke izinhlangothi nokulawula ukuxhopha. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo sevelu ye-Ev/Eh 44 kanye nokucwebezela okuncane, kuyadingeka ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa indlela yokukhanyisa emibhoshongo emine:
(1) Hambisa ukuma kwemibhoshongo emine ezinhlangothini kanye nohlangothi lomugqa ukuze uhlangothi oluphambene nenkundla namakhona amane lukwazi ukuthola ukukhanya okuthile okuqondile;
(2) ukwandisa inani lamalambu esikhukhula endaweni yesibani esiseceleni kwekhamera enkulu ye-TV ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvela kwemishayo;
(3) Ngeza ukukhanya komugqa wokukhanya phezulu kwenkundla yokubuka ohlangothini lwekhamera eyinhloko ye-TV. Naka ukulawula ukubenyezela futhi akufanele wenze izethameli kuzo zombili iziphetho zendawo
Zizwele.
Isakhiwo semibhoshongo eminingi:
Lolu hlobo lwesibani lusetshenziselwa ukusetha iqembu lezibani (noma izigxobo zokukhanya) ezinhlangothini zombili zesayithi, ezifanele izindawo zokuzilolonga ezifana nebhola lezinyawo, i-volleyball, izinkundla zethenisi, njll. Inzuzo yalo evelele ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kulinganiselwe. okuphansi, kanye nokukhanya okuqondile nokukhanya okuvundlile kungcono. Ngenxa yesigxobo esiphansi, lolu hlelo lunezinzuzo zokutshala izimali eziphansi kanye nokugcinwa okulula.
Izigxobo kufanele zihlelwe ngokulinganayo, futhi imibhoshongo engu-6 noma engu-8 ingahlelwa. Ukuphakama kwesigxobo akumele kube ngaphansi kuka-12m, i-engeli yokuqagela kufanele ibe phakathi kuka-15° no-25°, futhi i-engeli yokuqagela eya eceleni kwesayithi akumele idlule u-75° lapho kuphakama khona umkhawulo, futhi ubuncane bungabi ngaphansi 45°. . Ngokuvamile, i-medium beam kanye ne-wide beam floodlight kusetshenziswa. Uma kunesitendi sezibukeli, umsebenzi wokuhlela amaphuzu okuhloswe ngawo kufanele ube nemininingwane eminingi. Ububi balolu hlobo lwendwangu ukuthi kuba nzima kakhulu ukuvimba umugqa wokubuka wombukeli lapho isigxobo sibekwe phakathi kwenkundla nehholo. Enkundleni yebhola lezinyawo ngaphandle kokusakaza kukamabonakude, idivayisi yokukhanyisa ye-lateral ithatha ilungiselelo lemibhoshongo eminingi, futhi ayisebenzisi i-optical belt. I-lighthouse ngokuvamile ibekwe ezinhlangothini zombili zomdlalo. Ngokuvamile, ukuphakama kwe-lighthouse yokukhanya kwe-multi-tower kungaba ngaphansi kunamakona amane. I-multi-tower ihlelwe ngemibhoshongo emine, imibhoshongo eyisithupha nemibhoshongo eyisishiyagalombili. Ukuze ugweme ukuphazamiseka komugqa wokubona kukanozinti, indawo emaphakathi yomugqa wegoli isetshenziswa njengendawo eyireferensi, futhi indlu yesibani ayikwazi ukuhlelwa okungenani ngamamitha ayi-10 ezinhlangothini zombili zomugqa ongezansi. Ukuphakama kwe-lighthouse yokukhanya kwemibhoshongo eminingi kubalwa. Unxantathu ubalwa nge-perpendicular to course, parallel to the bottom line, ≥25°, futhi ukuphakama kwe-lighthouse kungu-h≥15m.
Isakhiwo sebhande elibonakalayo:
Amalambu ahlelwe ngemigqa ezinhlangothini zombili zenkantolo ukuze akhe uhlelo lokukhanyisa oluqhubekayo. Ukufana kwayo kokukhanya, ukukhanya phakathi komsubathi nenkundla kungcono. Njengamanje, lolu hlobo lwendlela yokukhanyisa luqashelwa emhlabeni ukuze luhlangabezane nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zokusakazwa kwethelevishini yombala ukuze kukhanye. Ubude bebhande lokukhanya bungaphezu kuka-10m ngaphezu komugqa wegoli (isibonelo, inkundla yezemidlalo enomzila wezindiza, ubude bebhande lokukhanya okungcono abube ngaphansi kuka-180m) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi indawo yegoli inokukhanya okwanele okuqondile okuvela emuva. Kuleli qophelo, i-engeli yokuqagela ingancishiswa ibe cishe ku-20°. Uma i-illuminator ekhanya kancane isetshenziswa, ingabuye yehliswe ibe cishe ku-15°. Ezinye izibani zenkundla ziseduze kakhulu nomugqa oseceleni wesayithi (i-engeli ingaphezulu kuka-65°), futhi unqenqema oluqondile lwesayithi alutholakali. Lokhu kuzokwandisa ukukhanya okungeziwe “okuhoxisiwe”.
Ngokuvamile, ilungiselelo lebhande le-optical lisebenzisa inhlanganisela yama-engeli amaningana e-beam ahlukene ukuze kubonakale, i-beam encane yamashothi amade kanye ne-medium ye-projection eseduze. Ukushiyeka kokuhlelwa kwebhande le-optical: inqubo yokulawula ukukhanya iqinile, futhi umuzwa womzimba wento umpofu kancane.
Isakhiwo esihlanganisiwe:
Ukuhlelwa kwe-hybrid kuwuhlobo olusha lwendlela yokukhanyisa ehlanganisa ilungiselelo lemibhoshongo emine noma eminingi nelungiselelo lebhande le-optical. Njengamanje inkundla yezemidlalo enkulu emhlabeni wonke ukuxazulula ubuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa kanye nomphumela wokukhanyisa kuyindlela engcono yokukhanyisa indwangu. Ukuhlelwa okuxubile kudonsa izinzuzo zezinhlobo ezimbili zamalambu ukuze kuthuthukiswe umuzwa wokuqina, futhi ukukhanya okuqondile nokufana ezinhlangothini ezine kunengqondo kakhulu, kodwa izinga lokuxhopha liyakhula. Ngalesi sikhathi, imibhoshongo emine ayimiswanga ngokuzimela, kodwa ihlanganiswe nezakhiwo, futhi izindleko ziphansi kakhulu.
Izibani ezisetshenziswa emibhoshongweni emine ngokuvamile ziyimishayo emincane, exazulula ukudubula okude; amabhande okukhanya ikakhulukazi yimishayo ephakathi, exazulula i-close-projection. Ngenxa yokuhlelwa okuxubile, i-projection angle kanye nokuhlelwa kwe-azimuth kwemibhoshongo emine kungacutshungulwa ngendlela eguquguqukayo, ubude bokuhlelwa komugqa wokukhanya bungafinyezwa ngokufanelekile, futhi ukuphakama komugqa wokukhanya kungancishiswa ngokufanelekile.
Ukwakhiwa nokufakwa kwe-Civil:
Imisebenzi yenkundla yezemidlalo ihlobene kakhulu nalo lonke uhlelo lokukhanyisa. Uma kungekho ishede noma ukuntuleka kokuhlela ezilalelini, kuyadingeka ukucabangela ukufakwa kwebhuloho elikhanyayo elihlukile. Ukuthi amalambu anemibhoshongo emine noma cha, kufanele kuxoxiswe nomnyango wokuhlela amadolobha, futhi amaphethini okukhanyisa emibhoshongo emine kanye nemibhoshongo eminingi ahlobene eduze nomphumela wobuciko wesakhiwo. Ukuthi kusetshenziswa i-four-tower, multi-tower, light-belt noma i-hybrid layout, ukufakwa, ukunakekelwa nokulungiswa kabusha kwezibani kufanele kucatshangelwe esigabeni sokukhetha.
Njengamanje, izinkundla eziningi emhlabeni zisebenzisa izindlu zokukhanyisela ukukhanya, ikakhulukazi amapayipi ensimbi amathathu noma izibani zensimbi eziningi ezihlanganisa amapayipi ensimbi, kanye nokhonkolo oqinisiwe onezingxenye ezishintshayo kanye nezibani zokukhanyisa zikakhonkolo eziqinile.